Thermochemical and thermophysical propertie

Thermochemical and thermophysical properties are suitable for the elucidation of the structure-performance relationships of surfactants in solutions. The measurement of, for instance, integral dilution enthalpies provides an appropriate experimental basis [50,51]. The concentration functions of the dilution enthalpies of ammonium dodecane 1-sulfonate (Fig. 29) show a distinct depen-... 

S. Yamanaka, K. Kurosaki, T. Maekawa, T. Matsuda, S. Kobayashi, and M. Uno, Thermochemical and Thermophysical Properties of Alkaline-earth Perovskites, Jour. Nucl. Mater., 344, 61 (2004). 

Considering the right-hand side of this equation as a simple mathematical function, it can be plotted versus (Sir). The left-hand side is known for a given metal it contains known thermochemical and thermophysical properties, thus (Sir) is determined. The mass of the oxide formed is greater than the mass of the metal consumed, consequently the original size of the metal that would be pyrophoric (rm) can be calculated from S, r and the physical properties of the oxide and metal and their molecular weights. These results have been presented in the... 

Bokreta M. (1992). Energetics of garnets Computational model of the thermochemical and thermophysical properties. Ph.D. diss., University of Philadelphia. 

Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data — This bimonthly journal of the American Chemical Society publishes articles reporting original experimental measurements carried out under carefully controlled conditions. The main emphasis is on thermochemical and thermophysical properties. Review articles with evaluated data from the literature are also published, [pubs.acs.org/journals/jceaax/index.html]... 

The thermochemical and thermophysical properties of the rare earth sesquioxides were critically evaluated in 1973 (Gschneidner etal. 1973). A systematic comparison of rare-earth and actinide sesquioxides was published in 1983 (Morss 1983). Thermodynamic properties of europium oxides were assessed by Rard (1985). Since then the enthalpies of formation of AmjOj and CfjOj were determined by solution microcalorimetry. The Afif [Am (aq)] has been redetermined even more recently so the Af//°[Y (aq)] has been corrected in table 4. Recently, the enthalpy of formation of YjOj was redetermined by combustion calorimetry (Lavut and Chelovskaya 1990) and independently by solution calorimetry (Morss et al. 1993). The latter determination took advantage of a determination of Afff [Y (aq)] that used very pure Y metal (Wang et al. 1988). Assessed values are listed in table 4. 

Many experimental and theoretical studies of thermochemical and thermophysical properties of thorium, uranium, and plutonium species were undertaken by Manhattan Project investigators. Some of these reports appeared in the National Nuclear Energy Series [1]. These papers, and others in the literature through 1956, formed the basis for Table 11.11 Summary of thermodynamic data for the actinide elements of the first edition of this book. That table, completed by J. D. Axe and E. F. Westrum Jr, listed 126 species, of which the properties of 40 were estimates. A fair measure of the progress in actinide thermodynamics is the number of subsequent research papers and reviews another measure is the 731 species included in Table 17.14 of this chapter, few of which are estimates. 

Thermal analysis gives information on the fundamental behavior and structure of materials based on their thermochemical and thermophysical properties. Differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), dilatometry, and other related dynamic thermal methods serve as analytical tools for characterizing a wide variety of solid materials. Information obtainable by these methods includes phase relationships, identification and measurement of impurities in high-purity materials, fingerprint identifications, thermal histories of the material, and dissociation pressures. 

Konings, R.J.M. (2001b) Thermochemical and thermophysical properties of curium and its oxides. /. Nucl. Mater., 298, 255-268. Kotvanova, M.K., Evseev, A.M., Borisova,... 

NIST also maintains a website called the NIST Chemistry WebBook (http //webbook. nist.gov), which provides access to a broad array of data compiled under the Standard Reference Data Program. This site allows a search for thermochemical data for more than 7000 organic and small inorganic compounds, reaction thermochemistry data for over 8000 reactions, IR spectra for over 16,000 compounds, mass spectra for over 15,000 compounds, UV/VIS spectra for over 1600 compounds, electronic and vibrational spectra for over 5000 compounds, spectroscopic constants of over 600 diatomic molecules, ion energetics data for over 16,000 compounds, and thermophysical properties data for 74 selected fluids. The site allows general searches by formula, name, CAS registry number, author, and stracture and also a few specialized searches by properties like molar mass and vibrational energies. 

Thermodex An Index of Selected Thermodynamic and Physical Property Resources http // www.lib.utexas.edu/thermodex/ (accessedNovember 10,2011). ThermoDex from the Mallet Chemistry Library, University of Texas-Austin is a freely searchable index to printed and Web-based compilations of thermochemical and thermophysical data. The ThermoDex home page also provides a guide to Finding Thermodynamic Information/Where to Start, which lists some of the standard handbooks and proprietary databases that are not indexed as well as those that are indexed. Searches for compounds, or preferably compound types, linked to a specific physical property or properties, display a list of handbooks that may contain data of interest. Actual data values are not displayed. ThermoDex records include the book s title, a brief abstract defining the scope and arrangement, properties and types of compounds, etc. Web datasets include URL links. While based primarily on the holdings of UT-Austin s Mallet Chemistry Library, most of these resources will be available in most university and major industrial libraries. 

All these fuels belong to a group of high-energy-density fuels with compact molecular structure rendered by the presence of pentacyclic cages. They are stable and nonvolatile at room temperature and pressure. Three formulations are solid and the fourth is a viscous liquid. Their S3mthesis and molecular structure analysis that uses X-ray crystallographic methods have been described by Marchand [5, 6]. Their molecular structure and physical properties are presented briefly below. Measured thermophysical and thermochemical properties follow. 

Refining by slag treatment is dependent on several parameters, such as reaction kinetics, diffusion of impurities, partition ratios, etc. Meanwhile, these parameters are dependent on the type of slag and its thermophysical and thermochemical properties. For example, viscosity, density, and interfacial properties affect the separation of slag from the metal and the duration of slag refining. 

The NIST Chemistry WebBook contains thermochemical data, reaction thermochemistry data, spectra, spectroscopic data, ion energetics data, thermophysical property data [150]. Several compilations of enthalpies of vaporization and sublimation measured by different means can be foxmd in the literature [3,151-154]. A compilation of bond dissociation energies of organic compounds has recently been published by Luo [155]. 

Nist Webbook (National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, USA), http //webbook.nist.gov/ thermochemical data, IR spectra, mass spectra, UV/Vis spectra, electronic and vibrational spectra, thermophysical properties. 

A new class of pentacyclic HED fuels was analyzed and some thermophysical and thermochemical properties have been measured. The main findings were as follows ... 

Lee, A., C. K. Law, and A. Makino. 1989. Aerothermochemical studies of energetic liquid materials 3. Approximate determination of some thermophysical and thermochemical properties of organic azides. Combustion Flame 78 263-74. 

ThermoML (Frenkel et al. 2006) is a language for the storage and exchange of experimental, predicted, and critically evaluated thermophysical and thermochemical property data. The language aims to cover essentially all relevant properties, and it deals thoroughly with uncertainties (Chirico et al. 2003). The standard, which has been developed as an IUPAC project (2002-055-3-024) and become an IUPAC recommendation (Frenkel et al 2006), provides detailed controlled vocabulary for the field. Several high-profile journals already provide data in this format (http //trc. nist.gov/ThermoML.html), and if this trend continues in the future, introduction of ThermoML may be rightfully considered as one of the milestone achievements in the rich history of thermodynamics research. 

Chirico, R. D., Frenkel, M., and Diky, V. V. 2003. ThermoML an XML-based approach for storage and exchange of experimental and critically evaluated thermophysical and thermochemical property data. 2. Uncertainties. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 48 1344-1359, DOI 10.1021/je034088i. 

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