Thermic

A contact on a safe will recognize attack by drilling, sawing, filing, explosions and oxyacetylene or thermic lance. 

As a consequence of such interaction there are some preferential mutual orientation disturbed by the thermic motion of the molecules. 

In addition to the effects discussed above, two further possible sources of discrimination peculiar to ion-molecule reactions must be considered. First, although it is known that most primary ions are formed without kinetic energy, such may not be the case for ions produced by ion molecule reactions. Secondary ions formed in exothermic ion-molecule reactions could retain a considerable fraction of the exo-thermicity as kinetic energy and diffuse from the sampling region at a rate considerably greater than predicted from the ambient temperature. The limited evidence to date (40) indicates that the kinetic energy of the product ions is small, but this may not be true for all types of reactions. 

The quantum chemical methods introduced in part 2.2 calculate only individual molecules at the temperature of 0 K. The energies obtained in these cases represent the energies of the molecules directly in the minimum of the potential energy, i.e. the zero point energy which is evident at 0 K and the thermic energy of an ensemble of... 

Regarding the series of hetero aromatic pentacyclic compounds with three heteroatoms, an accelerated synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted 4-amino-1,2,4-triazoles 66 under microwave irradiation has been reported by thermic rearrangement of dihydro-1,2,4,5 tetrazine 65 (Scheme 22). This product was obtained by reaction of aromatic nitriles with hydrazine under microwave irradiation [53]. The main limitation of the method is that exclusively symmetrically 3,5-disubstituted (aromatic) triazoles can be obtained. 

Cyclic divinyl boranes (bora-2,5-cyclohexadienes) also act as good complex ligands and are available from the corresponding stannacyclohexadienes by treatment with PhBCl2. They react photochemically or thermically with transition-metal complexes, e.g. ... 

For waste types (1), (3) and (4) the use in cement kilns can be regarded as a recovery operation. For waste type (2), however, there is no real benefit of using the material in the cement making process. The kiln is merely being employed as a means for a (thermic) waste disposal operation. 

Figure 11. Phase reconstruction of the whole hologram of image shown in Figure 10 showing that some pores still exist in the thermically annealed specimen. Phase map is displayed in (a) together with a line-scan averaged over a width of 30 pixels (c) and a surface plot (b) taken from a smaller region of (a). The surface plot has been heavily noise filtered through Gaussian smoothing to better display the holes shape.

Brogli, F., 1982, OYEZ Symposium Evaluation of Thermic Hazards and Prevention of Runaway of Chemical Reactions , Zurich. 

The presence of active oxygen will activate a hydrogen atom in a position. This can give rise to dangerous substitution reactions because of their exo-thermicity and above all the instability of the products obtained. The danger is even higher if the carbon chain is broken. 

Figure 8.1. The accumulation of trace elements in two Californian soils. The soils received four-year sludge applications at the rate of 0, 22.5, 45, and 90 tons ha-1 year 1. Domino loam soil, fine-loamy, mixed, thermic Xerollic Calciorthid Greenfield sandy loam soil, coarse-loamy, mixed, thermic Typic Haploxeralf (Data extracted from Sposito et al., 1982)...

The cycloadduct of an a,a -dioxo-thioketone with antracene,84 treated at low temperature with the Nysted reagent and TiCl4, transforms a ketone group to the corresponding methylenic group. This product is thermically decomposed via retro Diels-Alder reaction into the unstable a, p-unsaturated-a -oxo derivative (Scheme 10). 

Land use in the Ebro River basin has been traditionally based on agricultural crops, such as vineyards, orchards, and maize. Up to 783,948 Ha are dedicated to agriculture, and mainly in the mid and lower Ebro sections, are irrigated. Nowadays, industry is a relevant activity at the most important cities (e.g., Zaragoza, Pamplona). Hydroelectric energy production uses about 8,297 m3/s in 340 hydroelectric plants at the Ebro River basin. Water of the Ebro River is also used for cooling nuclear and thermic plants. Urban water demand is 5% of that used for agriculture. 

Other uses include the cooling of nuclear (at Asco and Santa Maria de Garona) and thermic centrals (Andorra, Escucha and Escatron), as well as some aquiculture activity is developed in the Ebro River basin (about 80 fisheries, which mainly commercially produce trouts). 

The stability of Molsidomine 84 and SIN-1 85 in aqueous systems under acidic, basic, thermic and photolytic conditions was investigated by Asahi et al. [92] (Scheme 6.17). In alkaline solutions the carbamate group is hydrolysed and decarboxylated to 85. This product immediately opens to SIN-1 A 105 that, in turn, is transformed into SIN-1C 106. The authors postulated that elimination of HNO underlies this last transformation. 

Sometimes we feel hot even when sweating, particularly in a humid environment like a beach by the sea on a hot day. Two processes occur in tandem on the skin evaporation (liquid water - gaseous water) and condensation (gaseous water liquid water). It is quite possible that the same water condenses on our face as evaporated earlier. In effect, then, a cycle of liquid gas -> liquid occurs. The two halves of this cycle operate in opposite senses, since both exo- and endo-thermic processes occur simultaneously. The net change in energy is, therefore, negligible, and we feel no cooler. 

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