Alumino-thermic process

The readiest method of obtaining the metal chromium from its oxide, and one which yields it in a high state of purity, is the so-called Goldschmidt, or alumino-thermic, process, in which use is made of metallic aluminum as the reducing agent according to the reaction... 

What metals can be used in place of aluminum in the alumino-thermic process ... 

The rare earth metals are extracted from their oxides by the alumino-thermic process. An indefinite mixture of these metals obtained by reduction of the mixed earths is known as misch-metall and is used for the reduction of other refractory oxides. Alloys of cerium are used in automatic lighters, tracer bullets and luminescent shells. Those rich in cerium are used as reducing agents and for flashlight powders. 

Ferro-alloys Master alloys containing a significant amount of bon and a few elements more or less soluble in molten bon which improve properties of bon and steels. As additives they give bon and steel better characteristics (increased tensile sbength, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, etc.). For master alloy production carbothermic processes are used for large-scale ferro-sihcon, ferro-chromium, ferro-tungsten, ferro-manganese, ferro-nickel and metallothermic processes (mainly alumino and sihco-thermic) for ferro-titanium, ferro-vanadium, ferro-molybdenum, ferro-boron. 

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