Thermal manikin

ISO EN 9920 provides a large database of thermal insulation values, which have been measured on a standing thermal manikin. One set of tables gives the insulation values for a large number of ensembles (Table 6.14).. An-f)ther set of tables gives insulation values for individual garments (Table 6.15), on the basis of which the insulation for a whole ensemble can be estimated. 

Bogerd, C.P., Briihwiler, P.A., Heus, R., 2008. The effect of rowing headgear on forced convective heat loss and radiant heat gain on a thermal manikin headform. J. Sports Sci. 26 (7), 733-741. 

ISO 15831,2003. Clothing - Physiological Effects -Measurement of Thermal Insulation by Means of a Thermal Manikin. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland. 

For the physical thermal tests, the surgical gowns were tested over a standard surgical ensemble on a thermal manikin in an environment chamber (ASTM F 1291) (4). The resistance to dry and evaporative heat transfer and the permeability index values were measured according to procedures given by McCullough et al. (6). 

Gao C, Kuklane K and Hohner I (2008), The heating effect of phase change material (PCM) vests on a thermal manikin in a subzero environment, 7th International Thermal Manikin and Modelling Meeting-Vniweisity of Coimbra, September 2008, USA. 

Figure 1. Thermal manikin photo of nude thermal manikin used on tests (a) and software body picture of thermal manikin and color legend of body segments temperature (b). 

This study was performed to compare thermal properties between scrub suits and clean air suits made of woven and nonwoven fabric. Thermal manikins provide a good estimate of the total dry heat loss from the body and the distribution of heat flow over the body surface these measures were used to describe the thermal characteristics of clothing. Clothing thermal insulation differences are statistically significant (p < 0.5) which means the user will perceive thermal differences between scrub suits. Regarding to fabric thermal properties there is no suit with all ideal properties. 

Oliveira, A.V.M., Branco, V.J., Gaspar, A.R. Quin-tela, D.A. 2008. Measuring Thermal Insulation of Clothing with Different Manikin Control Methods Comparative Analysis of the Calculation Methods. 7th International Thermal Manikin and Modelling Meeting University of Coimbra. 

Oliveira, A.V.M., Caspar, A.R. Quintela, D A. 2008c. Measurements of clothing insulation with a thermal manikin operating under the thermal comfort regulation mode comparative analysis of the calculation methods. EurJAppl Physiol 104(4) 679-688. 

As a final test sequence, to evaluate all performance aspects of a military uniform for a cold environment, subject wearing trials are conducted in a climatic chamber that simulates realistic temperatures and physical activity/metaboUc rates. The subject is equipped with numerous temperature and humidity sensors on the skin that judge his or her subjective thermal and moisture sensation as weU as the resulting overall comfort in distinct time periods and varying conditions. The subjective perceptions of the wearer and the measured temperature and moisture data are compared and subsequently correlated with the data from the Skin Model and thermal manikin. This fully validates the wear trials. 

Helicopter pilot suits for offshore applications often show reduced thermal comfort as well as lack of ventilation. This thermal stress, also induced with the high cockpit temperatures, may lead to reduced time to fatigue and thus occurrence of accidents. The Hohenstein thermal manikin Charlie and the Skin Model allow for an objective assessment and optimization of breathability and thermal resistance of the same. 

Fan, J.T., Chen, Y.S., 2002. Measurement of clothing thermal insulation and moisture vapor resistance using a novel perspiring fabric thermal manikin. Meas. Sci. Technol. 13 (2), 1115-1123. 

Fukazawa, T., Lee, G., Matsuoka, T., Kano, K., Tochihara, Y., 2004. Heat and water vapor transfer of protective clothing system in a cold environment, measured with a newly developed sweating thermal manikin. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 92 (6), 645-648. 

ISO 15831, 2004. Clothing—physiological effects—measurement of thermal insulation by means of a thermal manikin. 

Meinander, H., 1999. Extraction of data from sweating manikin test. In 3rd International Meeting on Thermal Manikin Testing, Sweden. 

Rehn, B., 2004. ADAM advanced automotive thermal manikin, http //www.zyn.com/flc/ meeting/presentations/Rehn-Comfort.pdf (accessed 15.12.14.). 

Richards, M.G., Mattie, N.G., 2001. Development of a sweating agile thermal manikin (SAM). In 4th International Meeting on Thermal Manikins, Switzerland. 

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