Theory of colour

In contrast to this Witt s older theory bore, however, a purely phenomenological character. Chromophors or colour-carriers were distinguished, usually unsaturated groups such 

Pauling in Gilman, Organic Chemistry, An advanced treatise, New York 1938  

Orchin, Ultraviolet spectra of aromatic compounds, New York 1951. 

One double bond or isolated double carbon—carbon bonds also only gives rise to absorption at wave lengths shorter than 2000 A. The azo group R—N =N—R, however, absorbs at appreciably longer wave lengths, diazomethane at 3470 A. The carbonyl group R2C =0 also gives rise to a (weak) absorption band at about 2900 A.  

The conjugation of two carbonyl groups, as in glyoxal and in dimethylglyoxal or diacetyl (X 4200 A), already gives rise to yellow-coloured substances the first-mentioned one is 

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The code used by the plumber for the bath taps is precisely opposite to the astronomer s rule of thumb. Between the artisan and the astronomer, Goethe chose the first. For him, and for all artists since the beginning of time, blue has been associated with what is spiritually cold. In his Theory of Colours Zur Farbenlehre, 1810), he wrote that blue expresses a purely empirical psychological impression of cold. Our own science places all sense perceptions such as sound, colour and heat firmly within the human sphere. Nothing outside the human being corresponds to these qualities. 

A lance is a hrework that is about the size of a small pencil that functions in the manner of a flare (Figure 10.3). Thus, the theory of coloured flame production, as presented in Chapter 8, applies equally to the lance. 

B. E. Douda, Theory of Coloured Flame Production , U.S. Naval Ammunition Depot, RDTN No. 71, 1964. 

The (simplified) theory of coloured compounds with metal ions from groups 3 up to and including 12 described above can be applied to solids and liquids. In this chapter, it serves to explain the colours of glazes and in chapter 11.2 Coarse Ceramics it explains the red colour of certain bricks. 

Land EH 1974 The retinex theory of colour vision. Proceedings of the Royal Institution of Great Britain 47, 23-58. 

Very recent results are included, for instance, the chemistry of neptunium and plutonium, cyclooctate-traene, tropolone, the theory of colour, etc, and the coordination of data from many chemical fields often throws new light on well-known facts. This is a hook which will well repay the reader s effort be he student, teacher or practising chemist—by a new insight into many aspects of chemistry. 

J. W. Goethe, Theory of Colours, trans. Charles Lock Eastlake (Cambridge, ma, 1970), p. xl. 

Thackray, A. (1970). Atoms and Poiners. An Essaj on Newtonian Matter-Theorj and the Development of Chemistry. London 119, 184 Donovan, A.L. (1975). Philosophical Chemistry in the Scottish Enlightenment. The Discoveries of William Cullen and Joseph Black. Edinburgh 31 Schofield, R.E. (1970b). Me-chanicism and Materialism. British Natural Philosophy in an Age of Eeason. New Jersey 211-212, 145 Shapiro, A.E. (1993). Fits, Passion and Paroxysms. Physics, Method, and Chemistry and Newton s Theories of Coloured Bodies and Fits of Easy Reflection. Cambridge 224. 

Shapiro, A.E. (1993). Fits, Passion and Paroxysms. Physics, Method, and Chemistry and Newton s Theories of Coloured Bodies and Fits of Eay Reflection. Cambridge. 

Following Graebe and Liebermann (1868, see p. 789) Armstrong proposed a quinonoid theory of colour. He proposed a theory of benzene substitution, and a centric formula of benzene (see p. 804). His work with F. P. Worley on reaction velocities in the catalytic hydrolysis of cane sugar and esters by acids ... 

Presumably the spirit of Ludwig Boltzmann (deceased in 1906), operating especially intensively in Vienna, directed me first towards the probability theory in physics. Then, (...) a closer contact with the experimental works of Exner and Rohrmuth oriented me to the physiological theory of colours, in which I tried to confirm and develop the achievements of Helmholtz. In 1911-1920 I was a laboratory assistant under Franz Exner in Vienna, of course, with 4 years long pause caused by war. I have obtained my habilitation in 1914 at the University of Vienna, while in 19201 accepted an offer from Max Wien and became his assistant professor at the new theoretical physics department in Jens This lasted, unfortunately, only one semester, because I could not refuse a professorshp at the Technical University in Stuttgart. I was there also only one semester, because April... 

He employed a range of adds and he correlated the affinity (reactivity) of an acid with its catalytic power. He was therefore in a good position to appreciate Arrhenius s concept of electrolytic dissociation when the latter sent him a copy of his doctoral thesis in 1884. In 1887 Ostwald moved to Leipzig as professor of physical chemistry. For the remainder of his career he championed the ionic theory of Arrhenius against much opposition. He provided additional evidence for the theory, and he developed the theory of add-base indicators. He resigned from Leipzig in 1905, and in his retirement he worked on the theory of colours, as well as espousing many humanistic, educational and cultural causes. 

Jaswon, M. A. Crystal Symmetry Theory of Colour Crystallography, Halsted New York, 1983. 

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