Theory and Techniques

Applications of Laser-Induced Time-Resolved Spectroscopic Techniques 

Spatially resolved spectroscopy is used to measure the emission from plasma at its different positions, because the appearance and spectral characteristics of the plasma are quite different depending on the target species as well as the position (Xu et al. 1997). 

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Riehie U and Hdchii M 1973 The theory and technique of high pressure freezing Freeze-Etching Technique and Appiications ed E L Benedetti and P Favard (Paris Societe Frangaise de Microscopie Eiectronique) pp 31-61... 

H. B. Bebb and E. W. Williams, in Semiconductors and Semimetals. (R. K. Willardson and A. C. Beers, eds.) Academic Press, vol. 8, 1972. An extensive review of PL theory and technique, with emphasis on semiconductors. Some of the experimental aspects and examples are becoming outdated. 

A.J. Baden-Fuller, Microwaves An Introduction to Microwave Theory and Techniques, Pergamon Press, Oxford (1990). 

Gascoyne, M., Schwarcz, H. P., Ford, D. C., Uranium series dating and stable isotope studies of speleothems Part I Theory and techniques, Proc. British Cave Res. Assoc., 5, 91-111 (1978). 

P. F. Goldsmith, C.-T. Hsieh, G. R. Huguenin, J. Kapitzky, and E. L. Moore. Focal Plane Imaging Systems for Millimeter Wavelengths , IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 41, pp. 1664-1675, October 1993. 

Part—I has three chapters that exclusively deal with General Aspects of pharmaceutical analysis. Chapter 1 focuses on the pharmaceutical chemicals and their respective purity and management. Critical information with regard to description of the finished product, sampling procedures, bioavailability, identification tests, physical constants and miscellaneous characteristics, such as ash values, loss on drying, clarity and color of solution, specific tests, limit tests of metallic and non-metallic impurities, limits of moisture content, volatile and non-volatile matter and lastly residue on ignition have also been dealt with. Each section provides adequate procedural details supported by ample typical examples from the Official Compendia. Chapter 2 embraces the theory and technique of quantitative analysis with specific emphasis on volumetric analysis, volumetric apparatus, their specifications, standardization and utility. It also includes biomedical analytical chemistry, colorimetric assays, theory and assay of biochemicals, such as urea, bilirubin, cholesterol and enzymatic assays, such as alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, salient features of radioimmunoassay and automated methods of chemical analysis. Chapter 3 provides special emphasis on errors in pharmaceutical analysis and their statistical validation. The first aspect is related to errors in pharmaceutical analysis and embodies classification of errors, accuracy, precision and makes... 

B. M. A. Rahman, and J. B. Davies, Penalty function improvement of waveguide solution by finite element, IEEE Transactions Microwave Theory and Techniques 32, 922-928 (1984). 

Ciystallization from solution is an important separation and purification process in a wide variety of industries. These range from basic materials such as sucrose, sodium chloride and fertilizer chemicals to pharmaceuticals, catalysts and specialty chemicals. The major purpose of crystallization processes is the production of a pure product. In practice however, a number of additional product specifications are often made. They may include such properties as the ciystd size distribution (or average size), bulk density, filterability, slurry viscosity, and dry solids flow properties. These properties depend on the crystal size distribution and crystal shape. The goal of crystallization research therefore, is to develop theories and techniques to allow control of purity, size distribution and shape of crystals. 

With this complexity, construction of applicable kinetic theories and techniques requires approximations that must strike a balance between oversimplification and physical reality. Students will benefit from a solid understanding of which approximations are being made, why they are being made, and the fundamental physical principles on which they are founded. 

Both Parts I and II have been completely rewritten and reflect the many advances in biochemistry-molecular biology theory and techniques. Especially noteworthy have been the technical advances in chromatography (perfusion, FPLC, bioaffinity), electrophoresis (pulsed gel, capillary, nucleic acid sequencing), spectrophotometry (nmr, ms, and diode array detectors), and molecular biology (microsequencing of proteins and nucleic acids, blotting, restriction enzymes). 

J Robyt and B White, Biochemical Techniques Theory and Practice (1987), Brooks/ Cole (Monterey, CA), pp 73-128 Theory, measurement, and use of radioisotopes. R Slater, Editor, Radioisotopes in Biology—A Practical Approach (1990), IRL Press (Oxford) Theory and techniques for the use of isotopes... 

Balasubramanian K (1997) Relativistic effects in chemistry. Part A, theory and techniques. Part B, applications. Wiley, New York... 

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