Theoretical biology third

Brenner, S. (1999) Theoretical biology in the third millennium. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. 354, 1963-1965. 

Theoretically, according to the mechanism of biological azo dye reduction, the processes of biological decolorization are oxidation-reduction reactions, in which transfer of electrons match with the proton flow by the help of coenzymes, such as NADPH/NADP+ and NADH/NAD+. The oxidation-reduction potentials of the couples of NADPH/NADP+ and NADH/NAD+ are -324 and -320 mV, respectively [25, 46]. The least AGo value of the conversion NADPH/NADP+ and NADH/NAD+ is 44 kJ [47]. Therefore, —93 mV, which is obtained from (1), could be considered as a rough limited ORP value for ordinary primary electron donors of the third mechanism of biological azo dye reduction. This was demonstrated by the results of many researches (Table 1). Hence, the observed failure of cyanocobala-min [30] and ethyl viologen [48] to act as a mediator is most probably due to their too low Ed values 530 and —480 mV, respectively. 

Since the publication of the third edition, additional data have been critically reviewed. New or additional data included in this edition are bioconcentration factors, aquatic mammalian toxicity values, degradation rates, corresponding half-lives in various environmental compartments, ionization potentials, aqueous solubility of miscellaneous compounds, Henry s law constants, biological, chemical, and theoretical oxygen demand values for various organic compounds. Five additional tables have been added Test Method Number Index, Dielectric Values of Earth Materials and Fluids, Lowest Odor Threshold Concentrations of Organic Compoimds in Water, and Lowest Threshold Concentrations of Organic Compounds in Water. 

All three theories compose an unified theoretical system. This is indicated, for example, by the fact that there are concepts which appear in all three parts of the system. One of the illustrative examples is the concept of space-time dissymmetry, which appears in all parts of Vernadsky s theoretical heritage. The spM -time theory - the main concept of which is dissymmetry - is required to prove the thesis of the cardinal difference between living and inert matter and, hence, the indeducibility of the biological processes from a separate set of physical-chemical laws. The problem of the cardinal differeiKe between living and inert matter is a very important point, because it is connected with all the important claims of Vernadsky s theoretical system (i) the first, second and third biogeochemical principles, (ii) the Redi principle, (iii) the concept of the evolution of the biosphere. 

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