The Mare

Amikacin is indicated for the treatment of genital tract infections in the mare by intra-uterine infusion. 

Mare basalts include lavas that erupted from fissures and pyroclastic deposits that produced glass beads. Six of the nine missions to the Moon that returned samples included basalts. The mare basalts from different sites have distinctive compositions and are classified based on their Ti02 contents, and to a lesser extent on their potassium contents (Fig. 13.3). A further subdivision is sometimes made, based on A1203 contents. Mare basalts are compositionally more diverse than their terrestrial counterparts. Volcanic glass beads, formed by fire fountains of hot lava erupting into the lunar vacuum, were found at several Apollo sites and eventually were shown to be a constituent of virtually every lunar soil. The glasses are ultramafic in composition and formed at very high temperatures. 

In early Modem Times, the history of HAT was closely linked to the slave trade [14]. The trypanocidal activity of arsenic was discovered fortuitously by Sir David Linvingstone (1813-1873). He relates in Arsenic as remedy for the tsetse bite that the idea occurred in his mind about the year 1847-1848 [15]. Sir Livingstone tried the remedy on horses (two grains of arsenic) but 2 months after an apparent cure, the mare became like a skeleton and he saw her at last perish through sheer exhaustion. Subsequently, better results were obtained with organoarsenical dmgs (Table 1). 

The main minerals of the mare basalts are, in order of abundance pyroxene (Mg, Fe)Si03 and olivine (Mg, Fe)2Si04,... 

The relatively high abundance in the lunar mare rocks of elements which on Earth are concentrated in the mantle19 — Fe, Mg, and especially Cr (Fig. 3b) -could indicate that the differentiation between crust and mantle was less complete on the Moon than on Earth. Alternatively, if such a differentiation did take place on the Moon, the mare rocks must represent mantle material, i.e. they would have come from a considerable depth. The latter seems more likely. According to the results of the analyses of the Apollo 16 samples (see soil 60601 in Table 2), the elements Fe, Mg, and Cr are indeed much rarer in the lunar highlands, which are thought to represent the ancient lunar crust. 

This ancient component has been observed in the highland soils, as predicted67, 68. Volatile elements do not give a clear picture, as the correction for the indigenous contribution to the ancient component is difficult to estimate. We shall therefore restrict the discussion to the siderophile elements, because the correction is likely to be quite small in this case. The old breccias of Apollo 14 had a meteoritic contribution with an Ir/Au ratio of about 1.5, as compared to about 3.5 in the mare soil samples. Moreover, the abundance pattern of the other indicator elements does not match that of any known... 

Above the temperature 6 the compound decomposes the elements combine these two reactions are limited at a given temperature the same state of equilibrium limits the states of the system within which a decomposition is produced and the states within which a combination is produced this state of equilibrium corresponds to a decomposition the mare complete as the temperature is higher temr peratures above 6 form properly the domain of dissociation. 

McKay G., Le L., and Wagstaff J. (1991) Constraints on the origin of the mare basalt europium anomaly REE partition coefficients for pigeonite. In Lunar Planet. Sci. XXII. The Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, (CD-ROM), pp. 883-884. 

A photo of the full moon taken from Apolto 77.The mare regions, which are relatively flat, appear as dark areas because they reflect less light.The highlands are lighter In color and have a more rugged surface than the mare. About 1 of the surface shown In this picture cannot be seen from the Earth. U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Q ASA). JLM dsuals. Reproduced by permission. 

The mares are bred on 480 farms in the prairie provinces of Canada. The 80 000 foals that are produced each year have a less medicinal future than their mothers urine they are weaned at 120 days and sold for meat. 

The sulfonamides and pyrimethamine (e.g. for equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) can cause abortion in mares and abnormalities in newborn foals (see Chs 2 and 3) even when the mares received folic acid supplementation. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole given to mares for up to 1 week prior to and after breeding does not appear to potentiate early embryonic death and has not been associated with an increase in birth defects in foals (J. Brendemuehl, personal communication, 2001). Birth defects have not been identified in foals born to mares undergoing... 

Oxytocin (1 lU i.v.) given to pony mares in late gestation has been shown to cause an increase in heart rate of 18-50 beats per minute this 17-50% increase in the baseline heart rate probably relates to the uterine contractions produced in the mares. 

Mares usually expel the fetal membranes within 3h of parturition. If these membranes are retained for longer than 6h, the mare is at risk of developing metritis, septicemia, endotoxemia, laminitis and possibly death. 

The middle uterine, utero-ovarian or external iliac arteries may rupture during pregnancy or parturition, leading to signs of shock and colic or to the death of the mare. The therapy of rupture of these major blood vessels is somewhat controversial and may range from drugs that reduce blood pressure to those that increase circulating blood volume and pressure (Vivrette 1997). 

Agents that reduce blood pressure, such as the phenothiazine tranquillizer acepromazine maleate (0.04-0.08 mg/kg i.m. every 6h), are sometimes used, after which the mare and foal should be kept... 

Prostaglandin release and luteolysis associated with physiological and pathological conditions of the reproductive cycle of the mare a review. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement 8 29-34... 

McCue P M, Lemons S S, Squires E L et al 1996 Efficacy of progesterone/estradiol implants for suppression of estrus in the mare. In Proceedings of the 42nd American Association of Equine Practitioners Annual Convention, Denver, CO, pp. 195-196... 

Ousey J C, Dudan F, Rossdale P D 1984 Preliminary studies of mammary secretions in the mare to assess foetal readiness for birth. Equine Veterinary Journal 16 259-263... 

Ousey J C, Rossdale P D, Dudan F E et al 1998 The effects of Intrafetal ACTH administration on the outcome of pregnancy in the mare. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 10 359-367... 

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