The lexicon

In machine understanding and generation systems, or any systems which deal with semantics and meaning, the lexicon is a vital component in a system as it is here that the connection 

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The Lexicon of the carbon compounds corresponds to the great reference work of Beilstein, which will be discussed later. Accordingly, for our compound the Lexicon gives, in addition to a brief... 

Modern scholars are most comfortable discussing Poles, Greeks, or Italians as ethnic or national groups, and thus they tend to disparage and dismiss the lexicon of white races that characterized an earlier era. But this is anachronism. As Lothrop Stoddard put it in 1924, Race is... 

When his son asks him about anti-Semitism and Jewishness ( What are Jews anyhow ), race is not in the lexicon with which Green is prepared to deal with the question. Jewishness is a religion, period Oh, they talk about the Jewish race, but never about the Catholic race or the Protestant race. 79... 

In contrast to considerations of 50 years ago, today carbene and nitrene chemistries are integral to synthetic design and applications. Always a unique methodology for the synthesis of cyclopropane and cyclopropene compounds, applications of carbene chemistry have been extended with notable success to insertion reactions, aromatic cycloaddition and substitution, and ylide generation and reactions. And metathesis is in the lexicon of everyone planning the synthesis of an organic compound. Intramolecular reactions now extend to ring sizes well beyond 20, and insertion reactions can be effectively and selectively implemented even for intermolecular processes. 

The Lexicon of Stelzner should be consulted for references from 1910— 1921, while the formula register of Chemisches Zentralblatt, based on the same plan as Richter and Stelzner, continues the index. Volumes 1922— 1930 of this index have appeared and Volume 1930—-1934 is appearing in parts. A general register is also supplied by the Chemisches Zentralblatt from 1925 onwards. 

References to the original literature have been given after almost every preparation, thus affording a means of amplifying, if desired, the practical details. Stress has been laid on the value of consulting original papers through the media of the lexicons of Richter, Beilstein and Stelzner. 

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC, 10) proposed a definition of computational chemistry about 15 years after the term was already well established in the lexicon of chemists A discipline using mathematical methods for the calculation of molecular properties or for the simulation of molecular behavior. It also includes, e.g., synthesis planning, database searching, combinatorial library manipulation. The open-ended second part of this statement reflects the disparate opinions of the IUPAC committee and others who contributed comments. 

In reviewing the attempt by an array of organisations to prescribe ideal tourist roles, several of the earlier terms from the lexicon of role-related issues are applicable. Altercasting is a common tourist role experience,... 

Talmy, L. (1985). Lexicalization patterns semantic structure in lexical forms. In T. Shopen (ed.), Language, typology, and syntactic description, vol. 3 Grammatical categories and the lexicon (pp. 57-149). 

Ostwald (1897) was aware of the fact that his rule was tenuous, since it was not based on a very large set of observations. In addition, if the metastable region were to shrink to a vanishingly small value, then sufficient time would not be allowed for crystallization of Form I to appear, and the rule would be invalidated. In fact, this does happen in many cases. Nevertheless, Ostwald s Rule has remained in the lexicon of crystal chemists, probably because it is generally observed that if a succession of polymorphic forms is obtained, those which appear later are generally more stable than those whieh appear earlier. 

Discrepancies in terminology. A new lexicon is emerging. The lexicon must be carefully and precisely translated in its application to healthcare to avoid miscommunication. Marketing may ask for a CHA and not know the difference between a CHA and a CEA. They may not understand the approaches, but will only latch on to the buzzwords. 

Many molecules can exist in one compartment, even if the restriction to row-two atoms is maintained for instance, CO and BF are in the same compartment as N2, and FNO2, O4, and N2F2 are in the same compartment as BF3. The schematic does not show the additional axes necessary to distinguish between these horizontally isoelectronic molecules such axes are shown explicitly in the lexicon for Kong s periodic system for diatomics. The schematic also does not indicate the additional... 

Chlorine compounds are well established in the lexicon of extreme-pressure additives. A wide range of chemical structures has been investigated by bench testing alkyl chlorides, aryl chlorides, chloro-olefins, chlorine-substituted fatty acids, acid chlorides, chlorine-substituted heterocycles, etc. However, investigations of the fundamental modes by which chlorinated additive substances function are scanty. Mostly, therefore, we must resort to conjectures from limited and highly specialized studies such as the work of Buckley [13] described in Section 11.1. The technologically important types of chlorinated additives are alkyl and aryl chlorides of fairly simple structure, and conjectures from their basic chemistry can be reasonable and useful. 

Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) has established its place in the lexicon of chemical spectroscopies as the technique which uniquely reveals the valence electronic structure of the isolated molecule. It has been particularly successful for organic systems... 

See www.lexpharma.com/discovery/genome500.htm for the Lexicon effort and www.nih.gov/science/models/ mouse/knockout/ for the NIH project. 

The twentieth century saw a significant increase in the number of regulations, and amendments to regulations, and also a change in the lexicon. The 1937 Act saw the introduction of some familiar, less prescriptive and much more ambiguous phraseology ... 

And indeed this lexicon does have consequences in its application to practice. The development of legislation over time saw the shift from ideas of danger to those of safe, and so rather than seeking to prevent danger or remove risk, the lexicon has redirected the construction of safety to that of a descriptive state. Yet this also inevitably creates a reality in which safe should be readily and indeed easily identified as such something is either safe or it is not - but this does not allow for any middle ground. The contemporary lexicon of the law has had significant influence on our version of safety, and it has been polarised into just two terms ... 

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