The Key of Solomon

The most popular medieval grimoire was The Key of Solomon, which gave instructions for raising spirits, angels, or demons. Another... 

Increased production of oxides of nitrogen through solar proton events associated with the 11-year cycle in solar activity would be expected to be most important in the upper stratosphere, above the region where the majority of the ozone depletion was observed in addition, lower, rather than higher, concentrations of gas-phase oxides of nitrogen appear to be associated with the ozone depletion (e.g., see Noxon, 1978 McKenzie and Johnston, 1984 Thomas et al., 1988 Keys and Gardiner, 1991 and Solomon and Keys, 1992). Hence both of these explanations are not consistent with atmospheric observations. 

Farman and co-workers (1985) suggested that the reaction between HC1 and C10N02 may play a key role if it were fast enough, which at the time did not seem to be the case for the gas-phase reaction. Subsequently, Solomon et al. (1986) proposed that enhancement of this reaction on the ice surfaces of polar stratospheric clouds could explain the development of... 

The finding that the heterogeneous chemistry that occurs on polar stratospheric clouds also occurs in and on liquid solutions in the form of liquid aerosol particles and droplets in the atmosphere provided a key link in understanding the effects of volcanic eruptions on stratospheric ozone in both the polar regions and midlatitudes. As discussed herein, the liquid particles formed from volcanic emissions are typically 60-80 wt% H2S04-H20, and hence the chemistry discussed in the previous section can also occur in these particles (Hofmann and Solomon, 1989). We discuss briefly in this section the contribution of volcanic emissions to the chemistry of the stratosphere and to ozone depletion on a global scale. For a brief review of this area, see McCormick et al. (1995). 

There are a number of different structural types of CNS depressants. Their modes of action are putative, that is, they are generally unknown but we have some indirect evidence of mechanisms. Much of what is known arises from their observed effects and not necessarily from direct experimental evidence. In fact, some of the drugs we will discuss, such as the opiates, have been around for millenia, long before any biochemical theories concerning their actions were conjectured. In the case of the opiates, it was their known effects which led researchers like Solomon Snyder and Candace Pert to theorize about the existence of natural (endogenous) opiate neurotransmitters, which they eventually found in the lab. The PBS NOVA segment entitled "The Keys to Paradise" and available in the Cal Poly libray describes the discovery of endogenous opiates. 

Solomon, K.R. (1999). Integrating environmental fate and effects information The keys to ecotoxicological risk assessment for pesticides. In G.T. Brooks and T.R. Roberts, eds., Pesticide Chemistry and Bioscience The Food-Environment Challenge, London, UK Royal Society of Chemistry, pp. 313-326. 

It is the goal of this book to present in one place the key features, methods, tools, and techniques of physical inorganic chemistry, to provide examples where this chemistry has produced a major contribution to multidisciplinary efforts, and to point out the possibilities and opportunities for the future. Despite the enormous importance and use of the more standard methods and techniques, those are not included here because books and monographs have already been dedicated specifically to instrumental analysis and laboratory techniques. The 10 chapters in this book cover inorganic and bioinorganic spectroscopy (Solomon and Bell), Mossbauer spectroscopy (Miinck and Martinho), magnetochemical methods (Kogerler), cryoradiolysis (Denisov), absolute chiral structures (Riehl and Kaizaki), flash photolysis and studies of transients (Ferraudi), activation volumes (van Eldik and Hubbard), chemical kinetics (Bakac), heavy atom isotope effects (Roth), and computational studies in mechanistic transition metal chemistry (Harvey). 

One who is able to read this plainest of all mythic utterances, to read it literally and with discerning mind, will be led straight to OUR Promised Land, and discover the Thing most desirable the Key to the treasure-house of King Solomon. 

SCF-Xa calculations have indicated that the ix-rj1 rf peroxide is less negative than other structural peroxides (such as trans-jx-1,2 or cis-fi-1,2) because the it donor interacts with the Cu d orbitals more strongly than with the others (254). In addition, the peroxide theoretical predictions, Solomon and co-workers (254, 278) proposed the electrophilic reaction of the /u-172 rj1 peroxide in Tyr with phenol (Fig. 19). Here, the key feature is that the copper ion... 

One of the most dramatic examples of concrete progress in the field of stratospheric chemistry has come from the work of de Zafra, Solomon, Parrish and coworkers, who adopted radio astronomy techniques to the detection of stratospheric free radicals. Three key reactive constituents have been examined CIO emissions at both 204 and 278 GHz from a number of sites in the northern hemisphere, with a rapidly growing seasonal coverage and sufficient time resolution to examine the exceedingly important diurnal behavior of the stratospheric column HO2 at 266 GHz from the Mauna Kea, Hawaii Observatory and H2O2 at 270 GHz, [Pg.356]

Solomon, J. (1991). Exploring the Nature of Science Key Stage 3. Glasgow Blackie. 

Figure 31. Correlation of proximate analysis fixed carbon with aromatic carbon C(ar). Key +, data obtained by van Krevelen using densimetric constitution analysis (43) and O, data obtained by Solomon using FTIR and the Brown-Ladner relation (15). (Reproduced, with permission, from Ref. 15.)...

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