The influence of magnetic and electrical fields

The flow of fluids under the influence of magnetic and electric fields can be readily analyzed via classical MHD theory. In its application to aqueous electrolytes, compressibility and viscous effects may usually be neglected in the equation of motion. The magnetic Reynolds number... 

Most of the proposed direct experimental verifications and theoretical research of size effects in DSs have been performed so far for pure metals and materials. The situation remains unelucidated for the case of DS compounds and metal alloys and many interesting topics are encountered in this field. Examples of unsolved problems for multicomponent DSs are the problem of solubility of elements, effect of the chemical environment, the influence of magnetic and electrical fields, and state diagrams. 

Garbarczyk, J., Kamyszek, G. (2000). Influence of Magnetic and Electric Field on the Structure of IPP in Blends with Liquid Crystalline Polymers. In Abstracts of the 38-th Macromolecular lUPAK Symposium. Warsaw, 3, 1195. 

With liquid crystab and sols the double refraction, which b produced under the influence of magnetic or electric fields, can also be a typical orientation double refraction when the molecules or tfie particles are oriented by the field. 

When a magnetic field is applied, with the field vector horizontal to the film, the domains collapse to form separated cylinders within the film, as shown. These appear to be "bubbles" when viewed from the top, hence the name. The bubbles then become mobile under the influence of a separate electric field and will move. Actually, the electric field causes the domain-wall to collapse by a spin-flip mechanism, while the cylinder volume is maintained by the magnetic field. 

Sector mass analyzer A mass analyzer that uses either a magnetic field, or a combination of magnetic and electric fields, to change the direction of travel of high-kinetic energy ions. Ions of different masses are influenced to different degrees, providing the basis for a mass separation. 

The non-diffusional methods of bringing D and A together may also result in payment of an ultimate price of diminished overall efficiency since BET within contact ion pairs is usually more rapid than in solvent separated ion pairs (see below). Indeed, the most important aspect of the forward electron transfer is that it presets the conditions for the competition between BET and the fragmentation reaction. The reactive intermediates (ion pairs) are generated in specific solvation and spin states. That state can be controlled or at least influenced by a selection of the excited state component, the ground state component and solvent [20], as well as by magnetic and electric fields [36]. 

Abstract. The paper provides analysis of a process, when a laser radiation absorption of a specific polarization creates a specific spatial distribution of molecular bonds and angular momenta of small molecules. It is discussed how an external fields electric or magnetic can influence this distribution. Some practical examples involving optical polarization of molecules in magnetic and electric fields are presented. ... 

We have developed an unified adiabatic approach allowing one to tackle transport problems in traps of different geometry. The magnetic and electrical fields, charge screening, and other factors (a spin-orbit interaction, hyperfine structure, etc) can influence the quantum dot paths within an easily tractable Breit-Wigner-resonance approximation for the electron scattering. The utility... 

If we turn this requirement around, it is clear that high Rydberg states themselves may be used as excellent probes to reveal the influence of external fields on quantum systems. In fact, Rydberg atoms are widely used to probe the influence of either static electric and magnetic or AC fields, or combinations of fields. Examples of how the influence of external fields can be studied will be presented in chapters 9 and 10. 

There exists, in the past few years an increasing interest in the influence of external (magnetic and electric) fields on the dynamics of excited molecular states. This interest is not surprising if we are reminded of the role played by this kind of studies in the development of the atomic physics. We will limit our discussion to the phenomena related to the collisional electronic relaxation application of magnetic fields in the studies of predissociation and of dephasing processes in isolated molecules will not be treated here. 

ENVIRONMENT - The aggregate of all conditions (such as contamination, temperature, humidity, radiation, magnetic and electric fields, shock, vibration) that externally influence the performance of a material or component. 

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