The Gas Chamber

The bearings and gears are mounted externally to the gas chamber and are separated by stuffing box seals to prevent gas leakage along the shaft. The packing is usually vented to the suction, so that it is necessary to pack only against suction pressure. 

If the gas chamber is of sufficient capacity there is practically no danger of water being drawn back into the reaction vessel. 

The slit is made by pEDM the micro channels are etched in the plate [1-3]. The gas chamber and the two diffusers are made by pEDM. The heat exchange channels are manufactured by micro milling. 

These 238 were murdered by delay. The State Department had replaced cables-of-suppression with involved clearance procedures for cablegrams. By the time we finally pushed through the exchange, the 238 had been shipped back to the gas chambers of Birkenau. These 238 had been gassed by order of men who pleaded at their trials that they "did not know."... 

The men knew the cart went to Birkenau. No one ran around the site completely naked, so everyone knew what it meant when the cart came back with clothes on it. They were called "selections" I heard hundreds use the words.. . . The fear of extermination was used by the foremen to spur the inmates to greater efforts the injured and the sick failed to seek medical treatment for fear of being sent to the gas chambers. 

But that comes later. Next to the room where the bodies are burned is a large "reception hall," arranged so as to give the impression of the antechamber of a bathing establishment. It holds 2000 people, and apparently there is a similar waiting room on the floor below. From there on the upper floor a door and a few steps lead down into a very long and narrow gas chamber. The walls of this chamber are also camouflaged with a simulated entry "to shower rooms" to mislead the victims. The roof is fitted with three traps which can be hermetically closed from the outside. A track leads from the gas chamber towards the furnace room. 

The gassing takes place as follows The victims are brought into Hall B, where they are told to undress. To complete the fiction that they are going to bathe, each person receives a towel and a small piece of soap issued by two men clad in white coats. Then they are crowded into the gas chambers in such numbers that there is only standing room. To compress this crowd into the narrow space, shots are often... 

Did the Farben directors know what Peters knew He swore to Minskoff that in 1943 there was an enormous increase in sales, due to the Auschwitz orders. He had told both Hoerlein and Wurster about the increased deliveries and reminded them that Degesch was also selling the gas chambers themselves to Auschwitz. Now on the stand, he "corrected" the statement "The last administrative meeting of Degesch took place in 1940."... 

Q. Under paragraph 3 of your affidavit, you say, in the case of those truck convoys and I quote "We knew that these inmates went to the gas chambers." How do you know that ... 

Q. Did you yourself ever speak to a member of Farben — an engineer or a foreman — about the gas chambers ... 

A common dimensionless number used to characterize the bubble formation from orifices through a gas chamber is the capacitance number defined as Nc — 4VcgpilnDoPs. For the bubble-formation system with inlet gas provided by nozzle tubes connected to an air compressor, the volume of the gas chamber is negligible, and thus, the dimensionless capacitance number is close to zero. The gas-flow rate through the nozzle would be near constant. For bubble formation under the constant flow rate condition, an increasing flow rate significantly increases the frequency of bubble formation. The initial bubble size also increases with an increase in the flow rate. Experimental results are shown in Fig. 6. Three different nozzle-inlet velocities are used in the air-water experiments. It is clearly seen that at all velocities used for nozzle air injection, bubbles rise in a zigzag path and a spiral motion of the bubbles prevails in air-water experiments. The simulation results on bubble formation and rise behavior conducted in this study closely resemble the experimental results. 

The chamber volume can be varied by varying either the diameter or the height of the chamber. It is of interest to know whether the geometrical proportions of the chamber have any influence on the bubble volumes obtained. Hayes et al. (H4) studied this aspect of the problem and found that the effect of the diameter of the gas chamber is insignificant in the formation of the bubbles, provided that the ratio of internal diameter of the gas chamber to that of the orifice is equal to or greater than 4.5. When the diameter of the gas chamber approaches that of the orifice, the bubble formation occurs as if at zero gas chamber volume. The bubble formation is further found to be independent of the chamber volume, provided that the latter is larger than about 800 cm3. 

The constant pressure condition arises when the chamber volume tends to infinity (in practice, more than about a liter), and the pressure in the gas chamber remains constant. As the pressure in the bubble varies with the extent of its formation, the pressure difference across the forming device also varies, thereby bringing about a condition of changing flow rates. 

An Army Times Article of 14 February 1959, titled 2 Men Cited as Human Guinea Pigs, from Camp Irwin, CA, which states Neither of the men was told what he was doing. Regularly they swallowed pills, took shots and underwent periods in the gas chamber, but neither of the men knew what he was taking or what the experiments might prove. ... 

To minimize the number and violence of the explosions that sometimes occur in the gas chamber above the cathode, the lid for the pot should be made to fit only very loosely. If a J> -in. gap is allowed, no explosions of any consequence take place. When the cell is not in use, this gap should be closed. 

Gas chamber—the high-velocity jet creates suction in the gas chamber, entraining gas into the ejector. 

Expert Report on Chemical and Technical Aspects of the Gas Chambers of Auschwitz... 

On June 15, 1994, dramatic events unfolded during the execution of capital punishment. David Lawson, sentenced to death for a capital felony, was scheduled to be killed by hydrogen cyanide in the gas chamber located in the state prison of Raleigh, North Carolina—but the prisoner refused to assist his executioners.1 Lawson repeatedly held his breath for as long as possible and took only short breaths in between.2 Lawson exhibited enormous willpower, calling out to both executioners and witnesses throughout his execution ... 

Following Leuchter, Prof. James Roth, director of a chemical laboratory in Massachusetts, also took the witness stand to describe the results of his analysis of the 32 masonry samples, the origins of which had been unknown to him All samples taken from the gas chambers supposedly used for mass human extermination exhibited either no or only negligible traces of cyanide, while the sample from the delousing chambers taken for use as control purposes exhibited enormously high cyanide concentrations.27... 

One may not ask how such a mass-murder [of Jews] was possible. It was technically possible, because it happened. This is the obligatory starting-point of every historical investigation of this subject. We simply want to call into memory this truth There is no debate over the existence of the gas chambers, and there must not be one. ... 

Jean-Claude Pressac, Auschwitz Technique and operation of the gas chambers, Beate-Klarsfeld-Foundation, New York 1989. 

According to Pressac, no material or documentary evidence of the gas chamber in the crematorium in the main camp exists, but there... 

Direct access to the air raid shelters, which evolved from the multiple division of the morgue/ gas chamber , was possible through a newly added entrance with sluice, which today is represented as the entryway taken by the victims, although the gas chamber had no entrance in that location—as a matter of fact, it had no direct entrance from the outside at all.163 Toilets were likewise built into the former washroom at this time. 

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