THC metabolites

Fig. 1 Chromatograms of urine samples containing THC metabolites detection with fast blue salt RR (A) and fast blue salt B (B). Track Ai and B, metabolite-free urines tracks A,6 and B15 represent ca. 60 ng total cannabinoids per ml urine (determined by RIA).

Fig. 3 Reflectance scan of a urine free from THC metabolites (A) and one containing THC metabolites (B) Peak 1 corresponds to ca. 100 ng ll-nor-d -THC-9-carboxylic acid per ml unne...

Direct oxidation of A9-THC at position C-11 involves mainly an isomerization to A8-THC another opportimity in the synthesis of A9-THC-metabolites is the pretreatment of terpenoid synthons by introduction of protective groups, e.g., 1,3-dithiane (6.1 in Fig. 6) followed by the condensation with olivetol (6.2) [76]. The formed product is a protected derivate... 

Lipid tissue also makes a huge difference. Skinny users not only have a faster metabolism (usually), but also lack storage for THC metabolites. Fat will cause a lag in excretion pattern, and lead to a longer detection time. 

When THC metabolites are in the blood, they go through the blood vessels in the head, and get filtered through the hair. THC metabolites remain in the hair as a permanent record. The hair test costs several hundred dollars ( 150-300) and is rarely given because urinalysis is cheaper (approximately 65) and more accurate. (The hair test equipment and setup goes for over a million). According to Jeff Nightbyrd, hair tests are widely used in the casino industry. They cut 50 strands of hair from the scalp, and send it in... 

Unfortunately, this rumor will not die. Goldenseal is useless yet it s the most common thing for people to use. The only way to extract THC from fat cells is to exercise (5.8). Fat cells secrete fat with THC metabolites at a constant rate, regardless of what herbs you consume. You may be able to temporarily rid THC metabolites from your bloodstream, or dilute your fluids to yield a larger urine/THC ratio, but your bloodstream will continue collecting THC metabolites from fat. Your urine will continue collecting THC metabolites from your bloodstream. 

Drink at least eight hefty glasses of fluid (preferably water) just prior to the test. Many people start drinking water several days before the test which is useless. Water does not clean any THC metabolites out of your system because THC is not water soluble. Water only dilutes urine temporarily. Do not over do it you can get water intoxication. People can actually overdose and even die from water intoxication. It s very hard to do, and you ll vomit before anything gets serious. 

This is a very new product, untested by a third party. It claims to absorb toxins, however, experts say that absorbing THC metabolites from fat cells is impossible. Here is a copy of the ad from Party Hut Enterprizes ... 

A high fiber diet will help by redirecting fat soluble metabolites to the colon rather than bladder. THC is eliminated primarily in the stool via bile acids. Both EMIT and RIA detect a secondary metabolite which is reabsorbed from the intestines. Thus a person with a high fiber diet will excrete a majority of THC [metabolites] in the stool [Anonlj. A fiber-based laxitive will also help by binding bile-acids. Use caution. Fiber laxitives can alter one s bowel schedule and lead to dependancy. 

Zinc sulfate is claimed to bond with THC metabolites, and because it s a solid, it gets passed as stool rather than urine. Jeff Nightbyrd says it does nothing. Anne Watters Pearson said zinc sulfate is no miracle drug for pissing. Forget it. ... 

There has been much recent information on the dangers of passive tobacco smoke. Concern could also be expressed over potential problems of passive marijuana smoke, although intoxication is rarely reported from passive inhalation of marijuana. However, there are numerous reports of cannabis metabolites detected in the urine of the passive inhaler. THC metabolites may be present in the urine up to 2 months after heavy chronic use. 

As the drug is broken down by the body, fat-soluble THC metabolites accumulate in the liver and other organs. Thirty percent of any one dose of THC is still in the body a week later, and smaller but still-detectable amounts are present two weeks after that. The more often marijuana is used, the greater the buildup in the body heavy users urine may show traces of the drug more than a month after the last dose. 

Figure 10. The tsl-THC metabolite region of a gas chromatogram using only the ions above m/e = 210 (15)...

Two independent research groups at our hospital have pursued the development of analytical methodology for THC and its metabolites in urine. One group, under L. E. Hollister, has directed its efforts primarily toward fractioning the in vivo THC metabolites by solvent partitioning and by TLC. The other group, under I. S. Forrest and D. E. Green, has been concerned with the development of an automated GC/MS quantitative procedure. ... 

Five years ago both groups began using a multistep procedure for fractionating urinary THC metabolites according to their polarities and acidities utilizing manipulations of solvents and/or pH as seen in Figure 1 (1). This scheme can quantitatively extract all of... 

The 215nm chromatograms of the pre- and post-drug Eli ether extracts (see Figure 1) equivalent to 2.5mg creatinine are shown in Figure 5. The Eli extract is of interest because of recent work by Greene (this volume) in which the ratio of bound to unbound urinary A9-THC-11 -oic acid, the major known THC metabolite in humans, was proposed to be a function of time after dose. As described in the experimental section, this acid partitions into the Eli fraction. 

Figure 10. Radiochromatogram and radioimmunochromatogram of THC metabolites in hydrolyzed rabbit urine. Urine was collected following an iv dose of 100 fig, 4C-THC. Fractions collected from HPLC separation of hydrolyzed urine were screened for, 4C radioactivity (plain lines) and THC-CRC (hatched peaks). The elution volume for pure CBN is indicated.

The nature of most of the compounds separated from these samples is unknown and this emphasizes the advantage of a broad specificity antiserum in the detection of urinary THC metabolites. Indeed, none of the metabolites (11-hydroxy-THC, 8,11-dihydroxy-THC and THC-ll-oic acid) known to cross-react with the RIA antiserum, are seen to be present in the hydrolyzed urine sample (Figure 12). These compounds as shown in Figure 11 have elution volumes greater than 40 ml. On the basis of these results an RIA specific for these compounds would not have found any detectable material in the urine. To develop the combination of HPLC and RIA further, an antiserum exhibiting complete crossreactivity with all metabolites would be of greatest... 

Dose/concentration relation could only be found for some legal drugs, for example, methadone by Moeller et al. and meprobamate by Kintz et al. For illegal drugs it will probably not be possible to perform studies to answer this question, because even in countries where such studies are allowed, it is not permitted to administer levels used by drug addicts. An additional difficulty is that most drugs, heroin, cocaine, THC metabolite having a short half-life, and a number of metabolites are detected in the hair. 

Baer et al. during 1986 to 1988. Urine was screened by methods in effect in the federal probation system THC metabolite and opiates were screened by EMIT and confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at cutoffs of 100 and 500 ng/mL, respectively. Cocaine metabolites and PCP were screened by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) at cutoffs of 2000 and 500 ng/mL, respectively, and confirmed by GC. Hair testing was by RIA. The RIA procedures, validated by GC/MS, showed no false positives due to cross-reactivity effects. 

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