Th cells development

L. Adorini, F. Sinigaglia, The role of Stat4 in species-specific regulation of Th cell development by type I IF Ns,/. Immunol. 1998, 161, 6567-6574. 

Schaerli, P., Loetscher, P., and Moser, B. (2001). Cutting edge Induction of follicular homing precedes effector Th cell development. J. Immunol. 167, 6082-6086. 

L5.1 The cytokines and transcription factors involved in mammalian Th cell development... 

Th-1 and Th-2 cells develop during an immune response from a common ancestor, the Th-0 cells. Th-1 cells, once generated, promote their own differentiation... 

Before consideration of the available methods, what is known of the immunobiological mechanisms of both forms of chemical allergy will be reviewed briefly. The development of immune responses, including allergic responses, is directed by the activity of CD4+ T helper (Th) cell subpopulations and their cytokine products. Two phenotypes... 

Moser, Th., PEM fuel cells — development status and applications, Proceedings, Fuel Cells in the Energy Market, Cologne, 12-14. March 1996. 

The mechanisms of autoimmunity may also entail interaction with MHC structures determined by the HLA alleles. Individuals carrying certain HLA alleles have been shown to be predisposed to certain autoimmune diseases, which may account in part for the genetic variability of autoimmunity. In addition, metabolites of a particular drug may vary between individuals to confound the development of drug-induced autoimmunity. Dendritic cells, such as the Langerhans cells of the skin and B lymphocytes that function to present antigens to Th cells, express class-II... 

The initial event responsible for the development of allergic diseases is the generation of allergen-specific CD4-F T-helper (Th) cells. The current view is that under the influence of IL-4, naive T cells activated by antigen-presenting cells differentiate into Th2 cells [34-36]. Once generated, effector Th2 cells produce IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, and... 

Liao JJ, Huang MC, Goetzl EJ. Cutting edge alternative signal- 190. ing of Th 17 cell development by sphingosine 1-phosphate. J. Immunol. 2007 178 5425-5428. 

Manetti, R., Parronchi, P., Giudizi, M.G., Piccinni, M.P., Maggi, E, Trinchieri, G. and Romagnani, S. (1993). Natural killer cell stimulatory factor (interleukin 12 [IL-12]) induces T helper type 1 (THl)-specific immune responses and inhibits the development of IL-4-producing Th cells. J. Exp. Med. 177, 1199-1204. 

The heterogeneity among Th cells is considerably more complex than a simple division into two discrete classes. Thl and Th2 cells must be regarded as being the most differentiated forms of CD4+ cells that develop from a common precursor or precursors as the immune response evolves. The immediate progenitor population is Th cells (designated ThO) that are... 

If cytokines are themselves instrumental in regulating the development of differentiated Th-cell populations, then an intriguing question arises as to the provenance of these cytokines before a mature immune response has evolved. In the case of Thl-cell development then presumably the stimulation by dendritic cell- and/or macrophage-derived IL-12 of IFN-y production by NK cells and the concerted action of IL-12 and IFN-yon Thl-cell precursors may provide one answer. One suggestion regarding the evolution of Th2-cell... 

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