Texture Control

Keil, R.G., Tsamakis, E, Fuh, C.B., Giddings, J.C., and Hedges, J.I. (1994b) Mineralog-ical and textural controls on the organic composition of coastal marine sediments hydrodynamic separation using SPLITT-fractionation. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58, 879-893. 

Texture controls the accessibility of active components of catalysts to the reagents. Textural analysis is thus one of the most frequent requests by manufacturers. The aim is to determine the dimensions, form and interconnection of the micrograins. Methods such as porosim-etry and picnometry, based on absorption, have the advantage of providing an overall view of the solid and can be used to quantify the texture. Scanning electronic microscopy, which is not only a more local but also a more visual method, as well as small angle X-ray scat-... 

Bistany, K. L. and Kokini, J. L. 1983. Dynamic viscoelastic properties of foods in texture control. 

Tree species and soil textural controls on carbon and... 

Emulsifiers, as a consequence of their function, have a significant role in texture control. This involved emulsification of fat and water, aeration control and of foam stabilisation in the dairy based industries. In bakery processes, emulsifiers are used as dough strengtheners, as crumb softeners and as aerating agents. 

This discussion follows the goals listed previously. First, we describe how foam is configured within porous media, and how this configuration controls foam transport. Next, we review briefly pertinent foam generation and coalescence mechanisms. Finally, we incorporate pore-level microstructure and texture-controlling mechanisms into a population-balance to model foam flow in porous media consistent with current reservoir-simulation practice (10). Attention is focused on completely water-wet media that are oil free. Interaction of foam with oil is deferred to Chapter 4. 

Carbon materials issued from evaporative drying and pyrolysis of resorcinol-formaldehyde gels were used as metal catalyst supports. These carbons, whose pore texture and composition are controllable, lead to high metal dispersion. Moreover, pore texture control is a great advantage diffusional limitations can be lowered, and even eliminated, by choosing an appropriate pore texture range. 

Nevpene 9500 Picconol A100 texture control agent, surface paints/... 

Another structure for carbons is texture, the ways that the crystallites joined together. Texture is often characterized by the degree of orientation from random to systematic arrangement. If the crystalhte size is small enough and there is no specific orientation, the carbon appears to be amorphous. Texture control cannot change the properties of individual crystalhtes but can alter the properties of the agglomerates of these crystallites like electricity and active surface area The comparative study of mesophase-pitch-based carbon fibers with different textures showed that the radical texture is more favorable for Lb intercalation than the concentric texture, but the radical texture is more easily broken into pieces by solvent cointercalated Lb. 

R. Kocklenberg, B. Mathieu, S. Blacher, R. Pirard, J.-P. Pirard, R. Sobry, and G. Van den Bossche, Texture Control of Freeze-Dried Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Gels, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 225, pp. 8-13, 1998. 

Kocklenberg R, MathieuB,BlacherS, PirardR, Pirard JP, Sobry R, VandenBossche G (1998) Texture control of freeze-dried resorcinol-formaldehyde gels. J Non-Cryst Solids 225 8-13... 

Deterrent, gelatinizer and texture control, and hygroscopicity reducer... 

Milk Texture control of low-fat yoghurt to produce the palate feeling of a whole-fat product Increasing the solubility of casein in the presence of Ca ions or at a lower pH, e. g., for beverages. Cross linking of casein with whey proteins to increase the protein yield in cheese making. 

Other than cellulose, several polysaccharides such as alginate [201-203], chi-tin [204-206], chitosan [207], or pectin [208] have witnessed a dramatic evolution in the formation of silica-based composite materials with increasing textural control. A more systematic approach, designed to understand the composite s textural variability induced by the different polysaccharides, has been proposed by Shchipunov and Karpenko [209]. These authors have silicified a wide variety of polysaccharides using the same silica source, tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl) orthosilicate (THEOS), whose water solubility allowed an expedite interaction with the selected biopolymer rendering diverse textures that can be directly attributed to different polysaccharides. 

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