Tex per filament

Yarns and Fibers. Many different acetate and triacetate continuous filament yams, staples, and tows are manufactured. The variable properties are tex (wt in g of a 1000-m filament) or denier (wt in g of a 9000-m filament), cross-sectional shape, and number of filaments. Individual filament fineness (tex per filament or denier per filament, dpf) is usually in the range of 0.2—0.4 tex per filament (2—4 dpf). Common continuous filament yams have 6.1, 6.7, 8.3, and 16.7 tex (55, 60, 75, and 150 den, respectively). However, different fabric properties can be obtained by varying the filament count (tex per filament or dpf) to reach the total tex (denier). 

Several tex terms are important in filter-tow processing tex (denier) per filament, total tex (denier) of the uncrimped tow (the product of the tex per filament multipHed by the number of filaments in the tow band), and crimped total tex (denier), which is somewhat higher than the total tex (denier). 

Along with cotton blends, polyester blends with rayon or wool are also important. Wool—polyester blends are widely used in men s suiting materials. For these fabrics, PET staple or tow can be used with a linear density typically about 0.16—0.45 tex per filament (1.5—4 dpf) and a staple length of 50—75 mm (2—3 in.). 

Filament. Eully drawn flat yams and partially oriented (POY) continuous filament yams are available in yam sizes ranging from about 3.3—33.0 tex (30—300 den) with individual filament linear densities of about 0.055 to 0.55 tex per filament (0.5—5 dpf). The fully drawn hard yams are used directly in fabric manufacturing operations, whereas POY yams are primarily used as feedstock for draw texturing. In the draw texturing process, fibers are drawn and bulked by heat-setting twisted yam or by entangling filaments with an air jet. Both textured and hard yams are used in apparel, sleepwear, outerwear, sportswear, draperies and curtains, and automotive upholstery. 

The multiplicity of nylon blends, processing systems, and uses requires a large variety of staple types. Tex per filament may be 0.1—2 (1—20 den), the cross section may be round or modified, the luster may be bright or dull, crimp may be present or absent, and the fiber may be heat-set or not, depending on its use. The staple length is about 4 cm for cotton system processing, 5—7 cm for the woolen system, 8—10 cm for the worsted system, and about 18—20 cm for carpet staple. 

Microfibers Also known as microdenier fibers. These are fibers having less than 1 denier per filament (or less than 0.11 tex per filament). Fabrics made of such microfibers have superior silk-like handle and dense construction. They find applications in stretch fabrics, lingerie, rain wear, etc. 

Spin stretch factor Tex per filament Tenacity Elongation (%) Initial modulus Orientation angle... 

Microdenier Refers to fibers having less than 1 denier per filament or 0.1 tex per filament. 

Melt Spinning. Melt spinning produces a broad range of iPP fibers, ranging from short staple fiber to continuous filament (CF) or bulked/textured continuous filaments (BCF) (see Olefin Fibers). The tex per filament of the as-spun filaments, where tex is the mass of fiber (g) per 1000 m of length, is typically in the range of 0.14-7.78 tex (1.3-70 dpf). The lower end of this range corresponds to fine filaments of 15-/xm diameter. Noncircular cross sections can be used to modify fiber appearance. 

Glass strand is normally measured by the number of 100 yards in 1 lb weight (for example, a 130 s count contains 13,000 yards per pound weight or the number of grams per kilometer, imder the international unit tex. Tex is a unit for expressing linear density equal to the mass of weight in grams of 1000 m of strand, fiber, filament, yarn, or other textile strand. 

Tenacity to- na-s9-te (1526) n. A term used in yarn and textile manufacturing to denote the strength of a yarn or filament of a given size. Numerically it is the Newton of breaking force per tex of lineal density (replacing the deprecated old unit, grams per denier). In testing tenacity, the yarn is usually pulled at the rate of 0.5cm/s. 

Fibrous reinforcements take diverse forms continuous bundles of fibres, woven fabrics, chopped fibres, and numerous others. But whatever the form in which they are used, they are initially manufactured as bundles of continuous filaments. Each filament normally has a round cross-section with diameter in the range 5-15 //m, and the bundle (known as a roving or a tow ) consists of a large number of filaments (1000-100(X)). The size of the bundle is sometimes specified by the number of filaments it contains, but more usually by its mass per unit length, or linear density. The standard unit of linear density is now the tex (1 tex = 1 g/km or 10 kg/m). Thus, a typical glass-fibre roving, containing, about 7000 filaments of diameter 13 ixm, is said to be of 2400 tex. 

The factors influencing the area of material inside the braided preform are the total cross-sectional area (Agy. A -y) of the yarn filaments, the number of yarns in each layer (Ngy. b MEY cy)> the braid angle 9), and the crimp ratio Rq), for the n layers. The yarn filament total cross-sectional area is calculated using the fineness (G, in tex or grams per kilometer) divided by the density (p) of each of the constituents of the yarns. 

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