Tetrakis chloride

Thin films of porphyrin-metal polyamides have been prepared by the interfacial polymerization of tetrakis chloride derivatives with either aliphatic dianines or with tetrakis amino derivatives of the porphyrin-metal complexes. Films with thicknesses in the 0.0I-10 im range, display unique chemical asymmetry. Opposite surfaces show different concentrations of functional groups. When placed between identical semitransparent electrodes and irradiated with broad-band or pulsed laser light the films developed directional photopotential. Photopotentials of 25mV were seen. The directionality of the photopotentials is the result of electron transfer toward the acid surface of the asymmetric film. 

An uneventful coupling of two hemispherical cavitand molecules — a tetrameth-anethiol and a tetrakis(chloromethyl)precursor (see p. 169) — yielded D.J. Cram s (1988) carcerand . ft entraps small molecules such as THF or DMF, cesium or chloride ions, or argon atoms as permanently imprisoned guests . Only water molecules are small enough to pass through the two small pores of this molecular (prison) cell. 

Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium Salts. The reaction of formaldehyde (qv) and phosphine in aqueous hydrochloric or sulfuric acid yields tetrakis-(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride [124-62-1/, Albright Wilson s Retardol C, or the sulfate [55566-30-8] (Retardol S), (C4H 2C4P)2SO [55566-30-8]. 

The salt ia this case is tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride [124-64-1]. The corresponding sulfate salt [55566-30-8] is also produced commercially as are urea-containing formulations of both salts. The latter formulations are actually used to flame retard the textiles (see Flame retardants FOR textiles). 

Biocides. Two phosphine derivatives are ia commercial use as biocides. These are tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate [55566-30-8] and tributyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride [8741-28-8]. These compounds are sold by Albright and Wilson Ltd. and EMC, respectively. The preparation... 

Flame Retardants. The amount of research expended to develop flame-retardant (FR) finishes for cotton and other fabrics has been extremely large in comparison to the total amount of fabrics finished to be flame retardant. The extent of this work can be seen in various reviews (146—148). In the early 1960s, a substantial market for FR children s sleepwear appeared to be developing, and substantial production of fabric occurred. In the case of cotton, the finish was based on tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC) or the corresponding sulfate (THPS). This chemical was partly neutralized to THPOH, padded on fabric, dried under controlled conditions, and ammoniated. The finish was subsequently oxidized, yielding a product that passed the test for FR performance. This process is widely preferred to the THPOH—NH process. 

Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride [124-64-1] AcOH and dried at 100° in a vacuum. An 80% w/v aqueous solution has d 7955]. 

In the reaction of CF Cl3 SCl with triethylamine, the yield of the product (CF Cl3 S)2C=CHN(C2H5)2 decreases with decreasing n [fri] (equation 7) (Table 2). 2,3,4,5-Tetrakis(trifluoromethylthio)pyrrole salts react with sulfenyl chloride or SjjCl2 (x = 1,2) to give N-sulfenylaled pyrroles as well as dipyrrolylsulfane and -disulfene. Pentakis(trifluoroniethylthio)pyrrole is a mild sulfenylating... 

The activity of homogeneous catalysts also has been demonstrated Wilkin son s catalyst trisftriphenylphosphme rhodium chloride induces perfluoroalkyl iodides to add to olefins at 80 [70] (equation 10) Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)-... 

The tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride so formed is the major ingredient with urea-formaldehyde or melamine-formaldehyde resins for the permanent flame-proofing of cotton cloth. 

A solution of 1.5 mol equiv of butyllithium in hexane is added to 1.5 mol equiv of a 1 M solution of hexabutylditin in THF at 0 C under nitrogen, and the mixture is stirred for 20 min. The solution is cooled to — 78 °C and a solution of 1.5 mol equiv of diethylaluminum chloride in toluene is added. After stirring for 1 h at — 78 °C, a solution of 0.05 mol equiv of [tetrakis(triphenyl)phosphine]palladium(0) in THF is added followed by a solution of the allyl acetate in THF. The mixture is warmed to r.t., and stirred until the allyl acetate has reacted (TLC). The solution is cooled to 0°C, and an excess of aq ammonia slowly added. After an aqueous workup, the products arc isolated and purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using 1 % triethylamine in the solvent to avoid acid-induced loss of stannane. 

Chlorotris(diethylamino)titanium24 is prepared directly from diethylamine, lithium and tilani-um(IV) chloride in the presence of styrene as reducing agent25. However, a metathesis reaction between tetrakis(diethylamino)titanium26 28 and titanium(lV) chloride gives a cleaner product and is thus preferred. Bromotris(diethylamino)titanium is prepared similarly7,29. 

All manipulations are carried out with exclusion of moisture under argon. In a two-necked 250-mL flask under argon, 15.2 g (68 mmol) of tetrakis(dimethylamino)titanium in 20 mL of hexane arc chilled to — 30 nC and a solution of 4.31 g (22.7 mmol) of titanium(IV) chloride in 40 mL of hexane is added dropwise with stirring. After heating the red solution to reflux for 2.5 h. distillation affords an oil which solidifies on standing yield 17.0 g (87%) bp 106-108 °C (0.5Torr). 

Best prepn is by melting together a mixt of PE tetrakis(trifluoroacetate), PE, and K carbonate for 1 hour, extn of the cooled and powd melt with methyl chloride, treatment of the ext with 99% nitric ac, and working up to give a PE nitrate/ trifluoroacetate mixt. The mixt is hydrolyzed with MeOH/K carbonate and the hydrolysate sepd by fractionation betw eth w to give a 40% yield of the pure mononitrate (Ref 3)... 

Chromium, tetraaquadichloro-chloride dihydrate hydrate isomerism, 1, 183 Chromium, tetrabromo-solvated, 3, 758 synthesis, 3, 763 Chromium, tetrachloro-antiferromagnetic, 3, 761 ferromagnetic magnetic properties, 3,7559 optical properties, 3,759 structure, 3,759 solvated, 3. 758 synthesis. 3, 759 Chromium, tetrachlorooxy-tetraphenylarsenate stereochemistry, 1,44 Chromium, tetrahalo-, 3,889 Chromium, tetrakis(dioxygen)-stereochemistry, 1,94 Chromium, triamminediperoxy-structure. 1, 78 Chromium, tricyanodiperoxy-structure, 1, 78 Chromium, trifluoro-electronic spectra, 3, 757 magnetic properties, 3, 757 structures, 3, 757 synthesis, 3, 756 Chromium, trihalo-clcctronic spectra, 3, 764 magnetic properties, 3, 764 structure, 3, 764 synthesis, 3, 764 Chromium, tris(acetylacetone)-structure. 1, 65 Chromium, tris(bipyridyl)-... 

Scandium, tetrakis(tropolone)-stereochemistry, 1,94 Scandium, tris(acetylacetone)-structure, 1. 65, 68 Scandium, tris(tropolonate)-structure, 1,68 Scandium aryloxides spectroscopy, 2, 346 Scandium chloride... 

Tin, nitratodiphenyltris(dimethy) sulfoxide)-structure, 1,77 Tin, nitratotris(triphenyltin)-structure, 1, 47 Tin,tetrakis(acetato)-stereochemistry, 1,94 Tin, tetrakis(diethyldithiocarbamato)-angular parameters, 1, 57 Tin, tetrakis(ethyldithiocarbamato)-angular parameters, 1, 57 Tin, tetranitrato-stereochemistry, 1, 94 Tin, tri-n-butylmethoxy-, 3, 208 Tin alkoxides physical properties, 2, 346 Tin bromide, 3, 194 Tin bromide hydrate, 3,195 Tin carboxylates, 3, 222 mixed valence, 3, 222 Tin chloride, 3, 194 hydroformylation platinum complexes, 6, 263 Tin chloride dihydrate, 3,195 Tin complexes, 3, 183-223 acetyl ace tone... 

Titanium, tetrakis(trimethysilyl)oxy-, 3, 334 Titanium, tetranitrato-stereochemistry, 1,94 Titanium, triaquabis(oxalato)-structure, I, 78 Titanium, tris(acetylacetone)-structurc, 1,65 Titanium alkoxides oligomeric structure, 2,346 synthesis ammonia, 2, 338 Titanium chloride photographic developer, 6,99 Titanium complexes acetylacetone dinuclear, 2, 372 alkyl... 

Zirconium, tetrakis(acetylacetonate)-stereochemistry, 1, 32, 94 Zi rconium, tris(phenylenedithio)-structure, 1, 63 Zirconium alkoxides oligomeric structure, 2,346 Zirconium chloride... 

In Gegenwart von Tetrakis-[pyridin]-nickel-diperchlorat oder Nickel(II)-chlorid in Athanol mit Tetrabutylammonium-perchlorat als Leitsalz erhalt man unter partieller Hy-drierung und Oligomerisation aus Butadien-(1,3) all-trans-Hexadecatetraen-(1,6,10, J4) in Gegenwart von Bis-[triphenylphosphin]-nickel(II)-chlorid wird Octatrien-(l,3,7) er-halten4. 

Tetraathyl- 624 Tetrabutyl-(2)- 609 Tetrakis-[2-cyan-athyl]- 624 Tetraisopropyl- 609 Tetramethyl- 624 Trimethyl- -chlorid 486 Trimethyl- -hydrid 486... 

Benzene reacted with excess 3 in the presence of aluminum chloride at room temperature for 4 h to give peralkylated product," hexakis[2-(methyldichloro-sily I )ethyljbenzcne (4a) and other alkylated products pentakisl2-(mcthyldichloro-silyl)ethyl]benzenc (4b), tetrakis 2-(methyldichlorosilyl)ethyljbenzene (4c), tris 2-(methyldichlorosilyl)ethyl]benzene(4cl), and bis 2-(methyldichlorosilyl)ethylJ-benzene (4e) (Eq. (6)). The product distributions were plotted against mole ratios of 3/benzene in Fig. I. 

The formation of ethers such as 1806 by EtsSiH 84b can also be catalyzed by trityl perchlorate to convert, e.g., benzaldehyde in 84% yield into dibenzyl ether 1817 [48]. The combination of methyl phenethyl ketone 1813 with O-silylated 3-phenyl-n-pro-panol 1818, in the presence of trityl perchlorate, leads to the mixed ether 1819 in 68% yield [48] (Scheme 12.15). Instead of trityl perchlorate, the combination of trityl chloride with MesSiH 84a or EtsSiH 84b and sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis-(trifluoro-methyl)phenyl]borane as catalyst reduces carbonyl groups to ethers or olefins [49]. Employing TMSOTf 20 as catalyst gives very high yields of ethers. Thus benzaldehyde reacts with O-silylated allyl alcohol or O-silylated cyclohexanol to give the... 

Here A and X represent a highly hydrophilic and hydrophobic anion, respectively, equilibrium concentrations of which in the other phase are practically zero. Typical examples are chloride and tetrakis (4-chlorophenyl)borate anions, respectively. 

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