Tetanus toxin expression

Altered release. Tetanus is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. This bacterium produces a neurotoxin active on inhibitory synapses in the spinal cord. Motor neurons, which supply skeletal muscle and cause contraction, have cell bodies that lie in the spinal cord. Under normal circumstances, these motor neurons receive excitatory and inhibitory inputs from various sources. The balance of these inputs results in the appropriate degree of muscle tone or muscle contraction. Tetanus toxin prevents the release of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), an important neurotransmitter active at these inhibitory synapses. Eliminating inhibitory inputs results in unchecked or unmodulated excitatory input to the motor neurons. The resulting uncontrolled muscle spasms initially occur in the muscles of the jaw, giving rise to the expression lockjaw. The muscle spasms eventually... 

Khan, C.M., Villarreal-Ramos, B., Pierce, R.J., Demarco de Hormaeche, R., McNeill, H., Ali, T., Chatfield, S., Capron, A., Dougan, G. and Hormaeche, C.E. (1994a) Construction, expression, and immunogenicity of multiple tandem copies of the Schistosoma mansoni peptide 115-131 of the p28 glutathione S-transferase expressed as C-terminal fusions to tetanus toxin fragment C in a live aro-attenuated vaccine strain of Salmonella. The Journal of Immunology 153, 5634-5642. 

Eisel U, Reynolds K, Riddick M, Zimmer A, Niemann H, Zimmer A (1993 Sep.) Tetanus toxin light chain expression in Sertoli cells of transgenic mice causes alterations of the actin cytoskeleton and disrupts spermatogenesis. EMBOJ. 12 (9) 3365-72... 

Sweeney ST, Broadie K, Keane J et al. (1995) Targeted expression of tetanus toxin light chain in Drosophila Specifically eliminates synaptic transmission and causes behavioral defects. Neuron. 14 341 -51. 

Romanos M A, Makoff A J, Fairweather N F, Beesley K M, Slater D E, Rayment F B, Payne M M, Clare J J (1991). Expression of tetanus toxin fragment C in yeast Gene... 

Eisel U, Jarausch W, Goretzki K, et al. Tetanus toxin Primary structure, expression in E coll, and homology with botulinum toxins. EMBO J. 1986 10 2495-2502. 

Norton PM, Wells JM, Brown HWG, Macpherson AM, Le Page RWF (1997) Protection against tetanus toxin in mice nasally immunized with recombant Lactobacillus lactis expressing tetanus toxin fragment C. Vaccine 15 616- 649... 

M.A. (1991) High-level expression of tetanus toxin fragment C in Pichia pastoris strains containing multiple tandem integrations of the gene. Biotechnology (N.Y.), 9, 455-460. 

Robinson, K., Chamberlain, L.M., Lopez, M.C., et al. (2004) Mucosal and cellular immune responses elicited by recombinant Lactococcus lactis strains expressing tetanus toxin fragment C. Irfect Immun 72, 2753-2761. 

Wells, J.M., Wilson, P.W., Norton, P.M., et al. (1993a) Lactococcus lactis-. high-level expression of tetanus toxin fragment C and protection against lethal challenge. Mol Microbiol 8,1155-1162. 

Eisel, U., Jayausch, W., Goretzki, K., Henschen, A., Engels, J., Weller, U., Hude, M., Habermann, E. And Niemann, H., 1986, Tetanus toxin primary structure, expression in E. coli and homology with botulinum toxins. EMBO J. 5 2495-2502. 

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