Ternary in situ composites

Processing and Physical Properties of Ternary In Situ Composites... 

E. Shivakumar, C. Das, E. Segal, and M. Narkis. Viscoelastic properties of ternary in situ elastomer composites based on fluorocarbon, acrylic elastomers and thermotropic liqnid crystalline polymer blends. Polymer, 46( 10) 3363-3371, April 2005. 

Mizutani et al ° carried out a review of some of the problems of metal-lubricant composites, and in particular the difficulty caused by the fact that sintering temperatures are limited by the thermal stability of the lubricant. The result of this is that either softer metals must be used, or lower sintering temperatures which result in lower structural strength due to brittleness. This led them to investigate metal-lubricant composites in which the lubricant is synthesised in situ. The result was the ternary alloy of iron, molybdenum and sulphur which was described in Chapter 9, and which had the characteristics of a slightly sulphur-depleted molybdenum disulphide composite. 

A typical crystallisation process in binary alloys can be described, as temperature increases, as follows. In hypoeutectic compositions (where the transition-metal content is greater than the corresponding eutectic composition for a given material), the transition metal crystallises first, until the amorphous phase reaches the eutectic composition, at which both the transition metal and the intermetallic crystallise. In hypereutectic alloys (transition-metal-poor), both phases crystallise simultaneously. Some ternary alloys can also be included in this schematic model, such as Fe-B-Si (Ramanan Fish, 1982) and Ni-B-Si (Baro, Clavaguera and Surinach, 1988). The crystallised phases are a-(Si-Fe) and FejB for the former system, and y-Ni and NijB for the latter. Transmission electron microscopy can be used to study in-situ crystallisation phenomena, identify (Valenzuela et ai, 1982) and evaluate the crystallised fractions (Blanke-Bewersdorff Koster, 1988). 

Li et al. prepared the ternary organic-inorganic complex of PPy/MnO / CNTs composite by in situ chemical oxidation polymerization of Py in the host of inorganic matrix of MnO and CNTs, using complex of MO/FeCl as a reactive self-degraded soft template [80]. The PPy/MnO /CNTs composite possessed the typical tube-in-tube nanostructures the inner tubules were the CNTs and the outer tubules were the template-synthesized PPy. 

A reinforced structure of thermoplastics, named as the in situ hybrid composite, consists of three components in principle macroscopic fibers such as glass fiber, carbon fiber, or aramid fiber microscopic LCP fibrils and a matrix resin [157]. Macroscopic fibers are in their fibrous form before the fabrication of the reinforced composite, while LCP fibrils are generated in situ during the melt processing of the ternary composite. 

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