Tern Sterna hirundo

Becker PH, Schuhmann S, Koepff C. 1993. Hatching failure in common terns (Sterna hirundo) in relation to environmental chemicals. Environ PoUut 79 207-213. 

Becker PH, Sommer U. 1998. Current contamination of Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) with environmental chemicals in Central Europe. Vogelwelt 119 243-249. 

Burger J, Gochfeld M. 2003. Spatial and temporal patterns in metal levels in eggs of common terns Sterna hirundo) in New Jersey. Sci Total Environ 311 91-100. 

Hart CA, Nisbet IC, Kennedy SW, Hahn ME. 2003. Gonadal feminization and halogenated environmental contaminants in Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) evidence that ovotestes in male embryos do not persist to the prefledging stage. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 12 125-140. 

Nisbet I, Montoya J, Burger J, Hatch J. 2002. Use of stable isotopes to investigate individual differences in diets and mercury exposures among common terns Sterna hirundo in breeding and wintering grounds. Mar Ecol Progr Ser 242 267-274. 

Thompson DR, Becker PH, Furness RW. 1993. Long-term changes in mercury concentrations in herring gulls Lams argentatus and common terns Sterna hirundo from the German North Sea coast. J Appl Ecol 30 316-320. 

Burger, J. and M. Gochfeld. 1988a. Lead and behavioral development effects of varying dosage and schedule on survival and performance of young common terns (Sterna hirundo). Jour. Toxicol. Environ. Health 24 173-182... 

Gochfeld, M. and J. Burger. 1988. Effects of lead on growth and feeding behavior of young common terns (Sterna hirundo). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 17 513-517. 

Common tern, Sterna hirundo eggs and chicks total 5000-14,100 FW 9... 

Murk, A.J., Bosveld, A.T.C., Berg, M. van den and Brouwer, A. (1994a). Effects of polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs) on biochemical parameters in chicks of the common tern (Sterna Hirundo). Aquat. Toxicol. 30(2), 91-115. 

Common tern. Sterna hirundo Liver Kidney... 

Bosveld, A.T.C., J. Gradener, A.J. Murk, A. Brouwer, M. van Kempen, E.H.G. Evers, and M.V. den Berg. 1995. Effects of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs in common tern (Sterna hirundo) breeding in estuarine and coastal colonies in the Netherlands and Belgium. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 14 99-115. 

Embryos of the common tern (Sterna hirundo) from eight colonies in the Netherlands and Belgium were analyzed for PAHs in May-July 1991. In general, eggs containing embryos with elevated PAH concentrations in the yolk sac and with elevated hepatic EROD activity levels were laid later, had a more prolonged incubation period, were of smaller volume, and produced smaller chicks (Murk et al. 1996). 

Common tern (Sterna hirundo) breeding in the sedimentation area of Rhine and Meuse rivers, were affected by non- and mono-ortho CB contamination, compared to the clean inland colony near Zeawolde [71]. Studies on double crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) using CB-126, 2,3,7,8-TCDD, and extract derived from field collected eggs revealed that chicken (Gallus domesti-cus) is at least 70 times more sensitive to developmental abnormalities such as pronounced edema [72],... 

Common tern. Sterna hirundo normal reproduction vi. reduced hatching and fledging success <1.0 mg/kg FW vs. 2.0. 7 mg/kg FW... 

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