TERMINOLOGY clarity

Besides the dangers originating from hazardous substances and the conflicting interests of the involved parties, the discussion surrounding chemicals policy is also characterised by problems of comprehension, e.g. between corporate practitioners and proponents of regulation theories and/or between experts and the public. We thus present some definitions at the start of this chapter, at least for the sake of improved terminological clarity ... 

Introducing terminology and mathematical conventions Comparing sentence and equation structure for more clarity Using pictures for understanding... 

In this book we use SI units and IUPAC symbolism and terminology as far as possible. The complete set of notation used in this book is given before this chapter. For clarity and consistency we have made some choices of notation that differ from IUPAC recommendations. Notation is defined where first introduced. Amongst other exceptions is the use of the phrase amount of substance for the variable n, which has been traditionally called the number of moles or, as we most frequently call it, the mole numbers. Some basic reference tables are given in the appendices. 

The proteins involved in blood clotting are frequently referred to by Roman numerals, such as Factor V and Factor Vlll. Doolittle uses that terminology in his article in Thrombosis and Haemostasis. For clarity and consistency I have used the common names of the proteins in the quotation. 

Fig. 9.16. Analysis of the overall stereoselectivity of a Still-Gennari olefination such as the one in Figure 9.15. Simple diastereo-selectivity of the formation of the alkoxide intermediate from the achiral phosphonate A and the achiral aldehyde B. For both reagents the terms back face and front face refer to the selected projection. Because of their clarity, these terms were given preference over the projection-independent designations si- and re-face (in the case of A) or re-and ii-face (in the case of B explanation of the re/si terminology Figure 10.41), respectively.

The terminology describing dmg delivery and targeting is extensive and ever-growing. Systems are diversely referred to as controlled release , sustained release , zero-order , reservoir , monolithic , membrane-controlled , smart , stealth etc. Unfortunately, these terms are not always used consistently and, in some cases, may even be used inaccurately. For clarity and consistency, some common terms used in this book are defined as follows ... 

The first IUPAC Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quantities and Units (the Green Book) of which this is the direct successor, was published in 1969, with the object of securing clarity and precision, and wider agreement in the use of symbols, by chemists in different countries, among physicists, chemists apd engineers, pnd by editors of scientific journals . Subsequent revisions have taken account of many developments in the field, culminating in the major extension and revision represented by the 1988 edition under the simplified title Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. 

Aquatic organisms may be contaminated by chemicals by several pathways directly via uptake through gills or skin as well as indirectly via ingestion of food or contaminated sediment particles [3]. For clarity the terminology associated with such studies should be given. 

In the following, we will discuss DMC simulations on the CO oxidation on the Pt(lOO) surface, that were done in our laboratories. The simulations show oscillations in the CO2 production rate as well as several types of spatio-temporal pattern formation. In essence, it is an extension of the ZGB model with desorption and diffusion of A, finite reaction rates and surface reconstruction. We will discuss it to illustrate the complexity of the models with which DMC simulations can be done nowadays. For clarity, we will stick to the A and B2 notation employed in the previous section. Species A corresponds to CO and B2 corresponds to 02- Furthermore, we will speak in terms of reaction rates instead of relative reaction probabilities. This terminology is entirely justified in the DMC approach that we used. 

Abstracts, only the Hantzsch-Widman nomenclature has been used. Occasionally, one encounters names not strictly in accordance with prescribed terminology, e.g., azocane or azacyclooctane to denote the saturated, eight-membered heterocycle containing one nitrogen. In this article, we are more concerned with clarity, than with the consistent use of IUPAC nomenclature. 

Discriminable In addition to being work related, business related, and acceptable, compensable factors should have the ability to differentiate among jobs. As part of differentiating among jobs, each factor must be unique from other factors. If two factors overlap in what they assess in jobs, then that area of overlap will contribute disproportionately to total job points, which may bias the results. Factor definitions must also possess clarity of terminology so that all concerned can understand and relate to them. 

All considerations so far discussed are only valid for optically homogeneous systems. In optically inhomogeneous systems, the medium acts in two ways on an electromagnetic wave traversing it. On the one hand, the amplitude and the phase of the wave are altered, that is, the wavefront is distorted. In optical terms, there is a loss in resolving power in the plastics industry terminology, there is a loss in clarity . 

As far as possible, the abbreviations have been taken from the Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quantities and Units, Pure and Applied Chemistry 21(1) (1970). However, for clarity, some of the symbols used there had to be replaced by others. 

While the term "signal" has been used commonly and widely in the area of pharmacovigilance for years, its definition has evolved over the past few years. Clearly defined terminology is critical to ensure clarity and consistency in communication of drug safety information to patients, prescribers, manufacturers, and regulators [6], and therefore, establishing a common and clear definition of a safety signal is essential. 

For clarity, we will adopt HRG terminology throughout our explanation. 

For the sake of clarity, the terminology of Northrop (1977, 1982) will be introduced, in which a distinction is made among following types of isotope effects ... 

This, then, is the terminology upon which the text has been standardized. I thank a member of the community who swayed my thinking on these points—I have for a long time been a diehard user of H/D-MS. My intention here has been to use consistent terminology in the text, not to settle any debate about nomenclature. My apologies to those of you who might find this term like fingernails upon the proverbial chalkboard. While I hope that the choices I have made here reflect a desire for simplicity and clarity, it is possible, perhaps, that they merely reflect my own esthetic sensibilities. 

The terminology used to describe redox processes in n-doping polymers is often ambiguous. For clarity in this chapter, oxidation of polymers is defined as the removal of electrons from the polymer in its neutral (uncharged or undoped) state. This oxidized (p-doped) polymer is positively charged and most commonly referred to as the true conducting version of an EAR When this oxidized polymer is converted back to its neutral form by the addition of electrons (often referred to as reduction of the oxidized polymer), it will be referred to as neutralization of the oxidized polymer, rather than reduction. 

Terms and Definitions addresses the need for a comprehensive reference that provides a complete and thorough description of the terminology used in the safety/loss prevention field. Fostering clarity in communication among diverse segments within the field and between outside agencies, this book... 

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