TENSIOMETRY

A. Gottlein, U. Hell, and R. Blasek, A system for microscale tensiometry and lysi-metry. Geoderma 69 147 (1996). 

Cassel DK, Klute A. Water potential tensiometry. In Klute A (ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis Part 1 Physical and Mineralogical Methods, 2nd ed. Madison, WI Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy 1994, pp. 563-594. 

Passerone, A. and Ricci, E. (1998) High Temperature Tensiometry Drops and Bubbles in Interfacial Research, eds. Mobius, D. and Miller, R. (Elsevier, Amsterdam), p. 475. 

Tensiometry Force required to dislodge two surfaces, one coated with mucus, the other solid dosage form consisting of mucoadhesive hydrogel... 

According to Duchene et al. [17], when tensiometry is used to measure the maximum detachment force as a function of the displacement of the upper support (function of the joint elongation), the work of bioadhesion can be defined as in Eq. (7). 

The values of Ys> Yw> Ysw were measured by spinning drop interfacial tensiometry (SDIT) as described in the Experimental Section. The values of Y Y s were obtained by the SDIT method using a polyethylene glycol (PEG), Jeffox PEG-300... 

Styrene) (PPFS), poly(heptadecafluorodecyl acrylate) (PHFA), poly(penta-fluoropropyl acrylate) (PPFA), or poly(trifluoroethyl acrylate) (PTFA) [53]. The block at the silicate interface was either PS or PMA. Treatment of the diblock systems with block-selective solvents produced predictable changes in water contact angles except for those diblock brushes based on PHFA. All of these systems were fully characterized by XPS, tensiometry, ellipsometry,... 

Hudson SD, Cabral JT, Goodrum WJ, Beers KL, Amis EJ (2005) Microfluidic interfacial tensiometry. Appl Phys Lett 87 081905... 

Cabral JT, Hudson SD (2006) Microfluidic approach for rapid multicomponent interfacial tensiometry. Lab Chip 6 427-436... 

A variation of in-situ volumetry (or manometry) is its combination with high temperature coulometry as shown in Figure 16-4. The A n( ) change in the gas volume due to the reaction is compensated for by a corresponding flux of ions across an appropriate solid electrolyte. This coulometric transport is potentiostatically controlled with a reference electrode (Fig. 16-4). Since 10 p A times 1 s = 10 pC corresponds to ca. 10-11 mol, the sensitivity of the combined volumetry-coulometry matches that of tensiometry. Limitations of this method are leaks and the small electronic transference in the electrolyte. 

Evidence for the formation of such hydrogen-bonded cation pairs in solution has been obtained by three-phase vapor tensiometry studies on solutions of cis-Cr(bipy)2(H20)(0H)2+ in a saturated solution of barium nitrate (the total molality of chromium species was 0.1-0.2 m) (326, 330). It was shown that the equilibrium of Eq. (29) in concentrated solutions lies considerably to the right, and it was estimated that Kip-IM-1. 

Cleaning with chromic acid may not always be necessary and depends largely on the previous contamination of the sample container However, it is advisable to use chromic acid in the case of protein tensiometry, since proteins have a tendency to quickly adsorb and slowly desorb from glass surfaces. 

Recently it became possible to determine the contact angle of individual spherical particles by using a technique called microsphere tensiometry [241], It is closely related to the colloidal... 

Buccoadhesive-controlled release tablets for delivery of nifedipine were prepared by direct compression of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with carbomer (CP) and compared to those prepared with PVP, PVA, HPMC, and acacia by a modified tensiometry method in vitro. It was found that the adhesion force was significantly affected by the mixing ratio of CP CMC in the tablets. CMC is necessary for controlling the release rate, whereas CP is important in providing bioadhesion. The tablets containing 15% CMC and 35% CP were found to have optimum drug release rate and bioadhesion [81]. 

Figure 8.1. Liquid-C02 interfacial tension at 45 °C determined by pendant drop tensiometry (Harrison, 1996).

Edited by T. Kajiyama and M. Aizawa Vol. 5 Foam and Foam Films. By D. Exerowa and P.M. Kruglyakov Vol. 6 Drops and Bubbles in Interfacial Research. Edited by D. Mobius and R. Miller Vol. 7 Proteins at Liquid Interfaces. Edited by D. Mobius and R. Miller Vol. 8 Dynamic Surface Tensiometry in Medicine. By V.M. Kazakov, O.V. Sinyachenko,... 

Rusanov, A.I. Prokhorov, V.A. Interfacial Tensiometry, Elsevier Amsterdam, 1996. 

Rhodococcus rhodochrous was used for the hydrolysis of both granular PAN and acrylic fibers by nitrile hydratase and amidase (Tauber et al., 2000). Similarly, Agrobacterium tumefaciens (BST05) was found to convert polyacylonitrile into polyacrylic acid by nitrile hydratase and amidase (Fischer-Colbrie et al., 2006). Nitrilase was also used for the surface hydrolysis of PAN from Micrococcus luteus BST20 (Fischer-Colbrie et al., 2007). However, polyamidase from Nocardia farci-nica leads to an increase of polar groups on the surface of PA, which was measured by tensiometry (Heumann et al., 2009). 

This chapter is focused on our recent research topics regarding the analysis of complexation reactions at L/L interfaces. We first describe the hydrogen-bond-mediated anion recognition as studied by ion transfer polarography and interfacial tensiometry [22,23], and then alkali metal ion recognition as studied by SHG spectroscopy [24,25]. 

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