Tensile test, paper

The paper discusses the application of dynamic indentation method and apparatus for the evaluation of viscoelastic properties of polymeric materials. The three-element model of viscoelastic material has been used to calculate the rigidity and the viscosity. Using a measurements of the indentation as a function of a current velocity change on impact with the material under test, the contact force and the displacement diagrams as a function of time are plotted. Experimental results of the testing of polyvinyl chloride cable coating by dynamic indentation method and data of the static tensile test are presented. 

Tensile testing machine operated in a controlled temperature and humidity environment. Many applications involve bonding paper, which exhibits properties that are highly dependent on humidity. In addition, adhesive Tg values are often close to room temperature, and thus properties change substantially over even a few degrees. Therefore, for reproducible comparisons, temperature and humidity control is necessary. 

Tensile testing is an important part of the physical characterization of free film coatings. The fundamental properties measured relate directly to performance properties of the coating. Because of the time required to obtain and analyze tensile data, a laboratory which routinely performs tensile tests may find that an automated system is needed. Although commercial packages are available, it is feasible to develop an in-house system with relatively little expense. This paper describes one such system as implemented at Glidden Coatings and Resins with very satisfactory results. 

Figure 7.9 Light photomacrograph of fracture line of a 15 mm wide tensile test strip of copier paper (60% hardwood, 40% softwood). Scale bar= 2 mm.

Tensile Tests. Polymers were padded on filter paper at lOX add-on, cured at 150°C for 3 or 10 min, and tested as In Tappi Useful Method UH656. Tensile measurements on padded samples were done with 1" strips on an Instron Tester after conditioning In a constant temperature and humidity room. Wet, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and perchloroethylene (PCE) tenslles were run after brushing the sample with IX aqueous Aerosol OT or solvent. 

Swelling tests and determination of tensile properties. The procedure for estimating cross-link density from equilibrium swelling data is described in detail in a previous paper (6). The tensile properties of the PU films were carried out at 23°C and 60% relative humidity. The crosshead speed and distance were 10 mm/min and 30 mm, respectively. A more detailed description of the tensile tests is given elsewhere (6). 

The basic mission of the Physics and Biology Laboratories is to test paper treated with products used in the restoration process. Physics is in an air-conditioned room, maintained at 60% relative humidity at 21°C, equipped with machines for testing folding endurance, tensile, and burst strength of paper. Biology runs tests, primarily with culture media, to determine the susceptibility of the treated paper to attack by microorganisms these are identified and a determination is made on how to avoid or eradicate them. Aging chambers are available for tests made by the laboratories. 

This paper reports on radical polymerization of MMA in phenolic resol and confirmation of the structure by measurement of d3mamic mechanical properties, scanning electron microscopy, and tensile tests, then the damping ability of these vinyl compound/phenolic IPNs is evaluated. 

In the case of the dynamic tensile test, co-cured single lap joint specimens selected in this paper... 

Other Materials. The acrylic D, Hypalon E, and Butyl F caulking compounds were too weak and tacky for the tensile testing technqiues employed and thus were not evaluated in these tests. (Peel adhesion tests, a topic of a future paper, were employed in monitoring the hydrolytic stability of these soft caulking compounds). 

There have been a number of previous attempts to relate the appearance of higher harmonics in the transmission of ultrasound through bonded structures to the quahty of the bonds [2-9]. Commonly used is the so-called nonhnearity parameter y 2, a measure of the generation of only the second harmonic [2], and the distortion factor K which describes the complete nonlinear content of the response [7]. In this paper cahbrated measurements on samples consisting of two aluminum plates joined together by a thin epoxy layer are presented and discussed. The amphtudes and phases of the ultrasonic waves transmitted through the bond are considered. The measurements are related to the results of destructive tensile tests of the adhesive layer. 

This paper presents the results of a study into the effect of two polymeric additions for concrete (latex and the biopolymer chitosan) on a microstuctural scale (by means of SEM and XRD), as well as on the mechanical performance of concrete (compressive and tensile testing). Several concrete samples were prepared with 0-4 % of each polymer with 1 % increments. The concrete samples where tested at 7 and 28 days. 

TMA tests were carried out on the dried, lignin impregnated papers. Tensile tests on the dry specimens were conducted on a Mettler 40 TMA apparatus. The specimen was subjected to an oscillahng force. The Young s modulus was obtained as a funchon of temperature by applying the formula ... 

Figure 2. Thermomechanical analysis of tensile test on paper inmpregnated with different types of low molecular weight lignins displacement as a function temperature. Standard is the displacement obtained with non-impregnated paper used as a control.

This paper describes a cryostat for use with standard tensile testing machines in conducting measurements such as those mentioned above on the mechanical properties of solids at low temperatures. 

The purpose of this paper is to describe briefly the tensile test cryostat (a more detailed description will be published elsewhere), to present engineering and true stress-strain tensile data on the 300 series stainless steels, on commercially pure titanium and on iodide titanium and to comment on observations noted on the formation and development of multi-necks at -452 F. 

Stress crack resistance of PE materials is eharacterised by times-to-failure in long-term tensile tests on notched specimens not only in the above mentioned but also in many other technical papers. The phenome-... 

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