Tensile properties analysis

A tensile test is conducted according to GB/T 1040.1-2006, and tensile strength o is calculated using the following formula  

Elongation at break is calculated using the following formula  

Zj = the length of a sample when broken Zq = the original length of a sample 

The tensile strength and elongation at break data of the composite materials are listed in Table 6.4. 

As can be seen from Table 6.4, the tensile strengths of the composite materials are slightly smaller than that of pure PP, while the elongations at break of the composite materials are all larger than that of pure PP. The elongation at break of the composite material reaches a maximum value of 14.7% when 5% calcium carbonate whiskers are filled into PP, indicating that the addition of calcium carbonate whiskers Improves the anti-fracture ability of materials. 

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The influence of time-temperature effects on the tensile strength and tensile-tensile fatigue behavior of short-fiber reinforced polyamides (PA 6 and PA 66) has been reported before [7], and it was found that at room temperature (23°C), the tensile strength of these two thermoplastics are virtually the same. This result has made it possible to simplify our analysis by focusing the compatibility study of tensile properties on one of the two PA plastics mentioned above. The focused tensile property analysis of PA 6 based thermoplastics was presented before [10], The current paper has extended the scope of that study to include other important information from the tensile property testing and analysis. 

To a plastic producer (i.e. processor), melt index is one property that is needed in order to evaluate whether the same process can be used irrespective of whether it uses virgin or recycled polymers. This will tell if it is possible to process the recycled polymeric materials in the same set-up as usual. Several other properties are needed in order to quality mark the materials. The melt index is related to what final tensile properties a product obtains, this in turn has an impact on the expected life-time. The purity of a recyclate stream with respect to the amount of foreign polymer in the stream has an impact on melt-index, but will also be an important factor for the final mechanical properties. Another very important property is the amount of low molecular weight compounds, which may be of vastly different types. Typically such an analysis will show the presences of additives and their degradation products, degradation products of the polymeric matrices, traces of solvents, initiators, or catalysts, compounds related to the use of the plastics and others. 

The main experimental methodology used is to directly characterize the tensile properties of CNTs/polymer composites by conventional pull tests (e.g. with Instron tensile testers). Similarly, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) were also applied to investigate the tensile strength and tensile modulus. With these tensile tests, the ultimate tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation to break of composites can be determined from the tensile strain-stress curve. 

Tensile properties were measured by using Shimadzu mechanical tester DSS5000. The cross head speed was 2 mm/min. Viscoelastic properties(tensile storage modulus and tan S) were measured by a tensile type dynamic mechanical analysis(SEIKO Instrument DMS 200). The... 

Several authors have analyzed the miscibility of iPP and PB-1, by means of different analytical approaches. Piloz et al. (16) found a single, composition-dependent, glass transition behavior for these blends, and concluded that they are compatible in the amorphous state. Sjegmann (17,18) reported that the composition dependence of tensile properties evidences a high degree of compatibility of iPP and PB-1 and observed a marked effect of the composition on the morphology of melt-crystallized samples. Conversely, the analysis of the crystallized blends indicates the presence of separated crystal phases of the two polymers, even if a mutual influence during the crystallization cannot be excluded. 

More recently, Kotek at al. studied the effects of untreated (denoted as Cl) and stearate-treated calcium carbonate particles (denoted as C2) of 1.3 p.m on the tensile properties of P-PP. Moreover, stearate-coated calcium carbonate particles of 0.075 p,m (denoted as C3) are also used (44). The p-nucleating agent employed is based on an amide of dicarboxylic acid. The critical concentration of p-nucleator needed to achieve 61% P-PP is 0.03 wt% on the basis of the XRD analysis. With further increase in the p-nucleator content to 0.1 wt% (supercritical), the p-PP content increases, but very slightly, to 65%. Furthermore, the K value also depends... 

Ultimate tensile strength, stifihess, and strain-to-failure were determined quasi-statically for each class of as-received material in accordance with ASTM D 3039 Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials using a deflection rate of 2.5 mm/min (0.10 in./min). A total of thirty samples were tested, ten of each material type. In addition, two samples of each material were set aside for crack density analysis using x-ray and optical microscopy techniques. 

Table IV. Chemical Analysis and Tensile Properties of 03K13AI19 Stainless Steel [ )...

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