Tendon Instability

Fig.l6.50a,b. Peroneal tendon instability (type 1 injury). Transverse 12-5 MHz US images over the retromalleolar groove obtained a at rest and b during forced eversion and dorsiflexion of the foot. In a the superior peroneal retinaculum (arrowheads) is disrupted but still inserted onto the lateral malleolus (asterisk). The peroneus longus (pi) and peroneus brevis (pb) tendons lie posterior to the tip of the malleolus. Note the edematous changes in the soft tissues of the perimalleolar region. In b, the peroneal tendons are seen while subluxing over the lateral malleolus... 

Fig. 16.51 a-e. Peroneal tendon instability (type III injury), a The patient presented with diffuse swelling and tenderness around the lateral ankle and complete inability to place his foot in eversion, b Internal oblique view of the ankle demonstrates a fibular flake fracture (arrowheads), c Transverse 12-5 MHz US scan obtained with the transducer applied transversely over the lateral malleolus (asterisk) reveals the avulsed bony fragment (arrowheads) and the anterior dislocation of the peroneus brevis (pb) and peroneus longus (pi) tendons, d Transverse 12-5 MHz US scan of the contralateral normal side, e Transverse T2-weighted MR imaging correlation confirms the anterior dislocation of the peroneal tendons... 

Sobel M, Geppert MJ, Warren RF. Chronic ankle instability as a cause of peroneal tendon injury. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1993 296 187-9. 

Tallness of stature 553, 561-562 Tapeto-retinal degeneration 177 Teeth, loss of 672 Temperature instability 93-94, 107, 112, 118 Tendon... 

Elbow is one of the most complex articular anatomy of human joint. Distal humerus, Proximal radius, and Proximal ulna are three elbow joint bones which are connected by tendons, ligaments and muscles [1]. Most famous disease that can affect normal elbow s function is rheumatoid arthritis that weaken the function status of patient. Total elbow arthroplasty can be the best decision for those patients that has advance elbow dysfunction, regarding to relive the pain and restore the normal physiological function [2]. Like all other joint replacement some complication such as instability, loosening, dislocation, polyethylene wear and infection, has restricted the long term survivorship of Total elbow arthroplasty [3]. 

Disruption of the cranial third of the subscapularis tendon, either in isolation or associated with supraspinatus tendon tear, is often associated with biceps instability (Bennett 2001). When the cranial third of the subscapularis is torn, the biceps tendon tends to sublux superficial to it on cranial transverse scans and to rest in a normal position on caudal transverse scans (Fig. 6.117). When the subscapularis tear becomes complete, the biceps slips medially within the glenohumeral joint (Ptasznik and Hennesy 1995 Farin et al. 1995 Farin 1996 Prato et al. 1996). The US diagnosis of biceps tendon dis-... 

Rasmussen OS (2004) Anterior shoulder instability sonographic evaluation. J Clin Ultrasound 32 430-437 Read JW, Perko M (1998) Shoulder ultrasound diagnostic accuracy for impingement syndrome, rotator cuff tear, and biceps tendon pathology. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 7 264-271... 

Essentials of Clinical History and Physical Examination 358 Tendon Abnormalities 358 Ligament Instability 358 Cubital Tunnel Syndrome 358... 

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