Correlative imaging

Digital subtraction of equations (1) from (2) produces a correlation image, or shearogram. For normal illumination and viewing, the intensity profile /, of the image is given by... 

Figure 4. (a) Correlation image of centrally loaded square aluminium plate clamped along all four sides, (b) Raw phase map shearogram. (c) Image enhanced phase map. 

Figure 6. Correlation images of manufactured pipe with defect, under pressure changes of (a) 20psi, (b) 30psi and (e) 40psi. The sealing rule lies to the left of the pipe and the defect zone is highlighted by the white arrow.

A. Structural Cross-Correlation Image Analysis for Two Images...85... 

Raffel, M., Gharib, M., Ronneberger, O., and Kompenhans, J., Feasibility study of three-dimensional PIV by correlating images of particles within parallel light sheet planes, Exps. in Fluids, 12, 69-77 (1995). 

Figure 19. Correlated images of the same sample observed using cryogenic SEM (left) and scanning laser confocal light microscopy (right). The confocal image in fluorescent mode (right) shows a concentration of fluorescing components that correlates with the clay structure.

The photon statistics of point source correlation images in coded aperture Imaging... 

THE PHOTON STATISTICS OF POINT SOURCE CORRELATION IMAGES IN CODED APERTURE IMAGING... 

After introducing the correlation image we discuss several problems associated with the detection and location of sources using this image. For concreteness we will assume that the mask-antimask pair have the imaging properties of Hexagonal Uniformly Redundant Arrays (HURAs)[3, 6], but much of the analysis has wider application. 

The correlation image C(z) is constructed by correlating the detected difference in count rates with the difference expected for a point source at a given sky position z ... 

Because the image function /(z,z ) determines both the expected value and the covariance of the correlation image, it is important to understand its form. When the masks are based on a HURA of order u, and photons are collected from a detector area A of the same size and shape as the basis mask pattern (which contains v cells), the image function takes on a very simple form in the fully coded field of view [7] ... 

For a single point source the flux is estimated from the peak value of the correlation image, and the source location from the location of the peak. Using equations 6 and 7 the flux and its error can be shown to be ... 

For an isolated source the source direction is estimated from the location of the peak in the correlation image. The error in the source direction along any axis is then given by [7] ... 

This chapter explores some of the recent advances in SPM where it has been applied to the study of biomolecular structures and functions—from single molecules to large aggregates and complexes to hve cells—and introduce some new innovations in the field of correlated imaging tools designed to address many of the key limitations of this family of techniques. 

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