Tendon pathology

Rasmussen OS (2004) Anterior shoulder instability sonographic evaluation. J Clin Ultrasound 32 430-437 Read JW, Perko M (1998) Shoulder ultrasound diagnostic accuracy for impingement syndrome, rotator cuff tear, and biceps tendon pathology. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 7 264-271... 

Friedrich JM, Schnarkowski P, Rubenacker S et al (1993) Ultrasonography of capsular morphology in normal and traumatic ankle joints. J Clin Ultrasound 21 179-187 Funk BA, Cass JR, Johnson KA (1986) Acquired adult flat foot secondary to posterior tihial tendon pathology. J Bone Joint Surg Am 68 95-102... 

Miller SD, van Holsbeeck M, Boruta PM et al (1996) Ultrasound in the diagnosis of posterior tibial tendon pathology. Foot Ankle Int 17 555-558... 

Hyer CF, Dawson JM, Philbin TM et al (2005a) The peroneal tubercle description, classification, and relevance to peroneus longus tendon pathology. Foot Ankle Int 26 947-950 Hyer CF, Vancourt R, Block A (2005b) Evaluation of ultrasound-guided extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis. J Foot Ankle Surg 44 137-143... 

Tendon, C.L., Thaker, U., Harris, J.M., et al. (2002) The angiotensin 1-converting enzyme insertion (l)/deletion (D) polymorphism does not influence the extent of amyloid or tau pathology in patients with sporadic Alzheimer s disease. Neurosci. Lett., 328, 314-318. 

Zhi Gan Cao is sweet in nature and primarily enters the Spleen meridian. It can tonify the Qi, slow down pathological development, ease the muscles and tendons, and stabilize the Qi and blood. It tonifies the Qi without the side effect of stimulating the Qi, and is particularly suitable in a crucial bleeding condition when the Qi and blood are too weak to bear strong tonification. 

Zhi Gan Cao is sweet in nature and enters all 12 regular meridians however, it primarily enters the Spleen meridian. If it is used in a reasonably large dosage (i.e. above 9 g as a crude herb) it can sufficiently tonify and smooth the Qi. Unlike Ren Shen, it does not cause restlessness and insomnia, and is particularly useful in an acute or persistent condition of anxiety. This is because its sweet taste can reduce the tension from the conflict between the body s resistance and the pathogenic factors, slow down the pathological process, ease the tendons and muscles, and thus calm the mind in a stable, gentle and pleasant way. 

A 51-year-old man underwent double lung transplantation for pulmonary fibrosis, accidentally received an infusion of ciclosporin 30 mg/hour instead of 3 mg/hour, and 3 hours later had bilateral reactive mydriasis and absence of tendon reflexes. A CT brain scan showed diffuse cerebral edema, and massive intracranial hjrpertension rapidly developed. He died 5 hours later from brainstem compression, and pathological examination showed diffuse cerebral edema with neuronal necrosis. 

The clinical pathology associated with both receptor-negative and receptor-defective forms of homozygous FH include (1) plasma LDL levels elevated from 6- to 10-fold above normal, (2) xanthomas resulting from the accumulation of free and esterified cholesterol in the interstitial spaces and within skin and tendon macro-... 

An interesting data seen in the degeneration of the cartilage of ligaments, tendons, and bone structures, besides that of elastic fibers, is that the enzyme elastase that plays a role in these pathologies increases its activity with aging. 

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