Temporal modulation

The temporal modulation function usually has two factors, namely, a system factor of the form where is the energy separation of the two-level system, and a modulation or control factor that can represent either amplitude (e t)) or phase

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The full development of these mechanism analysis tools has not been achieved at this time, but some of the basic features have been set fbrth[18]. The key concept is to introduce further modulation into the optimal control field e(f) to reveal the dominant quantum pathways. This task calls for special care, as the control field already is temporally modulated in a delicate fashion to manipulate the quantum system. A way around this difficulty is feasible by introducing a new pseudo time-like variable s such that e(r) — In practice, s is a... 

Yang L, Soonpaa MH, Adler ED et al (2008) Human cardiovascular progenitor cells develop from a KDR plus embryonic-stem-cell-derived population. Nature 453(7194) 524-526. Lian XJ, Hsiao C, Wilson G et al (2012) Robust cardiomyocyte differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells via temporal modulation of canonical Wnt signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(27) E1848-E1857... 

Sheth BR, Moore CI, Sur M. 1998. Temporal modulation of spatial borders in rat barrel cortex. J Neurophysiol 79 464-470. 

Huntsman MM, Munoz A, Jones EG (1999) Temporal modulation of GABAA receptor subunit gene expression in developing monkey cerebral cortex. Neuroscience 91 1223-1245. 

Martin, M. et al., Temporal modulation of TGF-beta 1 and beta-actin gene expression in pig skin and muscular fibrosis after ionizing radiation, Radiat. Res., 134 (1), 63-70,1993. 

Operational satellite instruments based on the principles of geometrical optics include SIGMA, OSSE and BATSE (Paul et al. 1991, Johnson et al. 1993, and Fishman et al. 1989). While the detection plane of all three of them is based on scintillators AEfE 10), different aperture systems are used. Whereas OSSE and BATSE perform temporal modulation with collimators and the earth (an anticollimator ) respectively, SIGMA is a multiplexing device using spatial modulation with a coded mask. 

Shannon, R.V., Temporal modulation transfer functions in patients with cochlear implants, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 91(4), 1992, 2156-2164. 

We present here a study on phase separation of polymer mixtures forced with temporally and spatially periodic irradiation. The main purpose is to elucidate the contribution of the elastic stress associated with the changes in polymer structure generated by chemical reactions. In the temporal modulation experiments, phase separation was induced by periodic irradiation using ultraviolet (uv) light chopped with frequency varying between 1/200 to 100 Hz. 

We have demonstrated the effects of spatial as well as temporal modulation on the phase separation of photo-reactive polymer blends. The principal... 

One of the practical advantages of ASE and quasi-laser-like emissions of powders is that such an emission has been shown to be spatially incoherent while it is still temporally coherent (coherence time 8 ps) this is due to the macroscopic diffiise nature of the powder medium (Gouedard et al. 1993). Figure 14 shows streak camera spatio-temporal pictures of powder emission, and of a YAG Nd laser for comparison. We cleariy see temporal modulations of the emission that are due to the beating of modes the spatial speckle pattern does not change with time. This stationary pattern is the signature of the temporal space i... 

Temporal Modulation of NMDA-Mediated Developmental Processes as a Result of In IJtero Exposure to B(a)P Aerosol... 

In this section we consider the typical behaviour of spiral waves in weakly excitable media whose properties vary in time or in space. It is assumed that the variations of these properties are small enough and hence a perturbation theory could be used to determine responses of steadily rotating spiral waves to periodic temporal modulation or to weak spatial gradients. Note that the solution for a steadily rotating spiral wave is invariant in respect to translations and rotations any rotation of the spiral and any shift of its centre yield again a valid solution. Therefore, the respective components of the perturbations are not damped. 

We consider first a problem with uniform periodic temporal modulation of the medium s excitability... 

Abstract— We investigated whether the eyestrain, often experienced by subjects using a video display terminal (VDT) for an extended period of time, is due to the decrease of blink rate or to the temporarily dry eyes. Thirty-seven subjects with no dry eyes but experienced eyestrain participated in a series of experiments. The 1st experiment was performed without using VDT to obtain the control data and subsequent experiments were performed with a VDT. In those experiments we established the base line for the eyestrain, increased the blink rate and supplied the eyes with eyedrops. Blink rate, visual acuity, temporal modulation transfer function and degree of severity of eyestrain were recorded before and after each experiment. The obtained results suggested that, using the VDT causes the decrease of the blink rate that in turn produces dry eyes which causes the eyestrain. 

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