Temperature indirect

Indirect fired heaters (sometimes called line heaters) heat the gas stream before and/or after the choke so that the gas is maintained above the hydrate temperature. Indirect fired heaters can also be used to heat crude oil for treating, heat a hot fluid circulating medium (heat medium) that is used to provide process heat, etc. 

High-Temperature, Indirect-Solar Thermal Hydrogen Processes... 

The very low value of EG seems to indicate the presence of two isomers, the less reactive form being more abundant at higher temperatures. Indirect evidence for this suggestion is given in Ref. 344. 

One maximum where boron carbide is formed from gas and liquid phases was found by calculation. Two transition reactions and two degenerated reactions were found. The calculated temperature of the reaction B4C -I- 2 N2 = 4 BN -I- C (U2 in Fig. 23) of 2597 K is experimentally not well established. In situ investigations of the reaction of BN and graphite are not reported and therefore only reaction temperatures indirectly derived from X-ray analysis of quenched materials are documented. It has to be assumed... 

The following methods have become widespread for the determination of the moisture content of gases determination of the absolute value of moisture content by gravimetry or barometry (direct method), measurement of wet gas particles in air by determination of the dry and wet bulb temperatures and the dew point temperature (indirect method), and measurement of a property of the wet gas that depends on the moisture content, such as the absorptivity of the wet gas to electromagnetic waves. 

Temperature is a fundamental property in thermodynamics. It is a measure of the kinetic energy of molecules and gives rise the sensation of hot and cold. It is measured using a thermometer, a device that obtains temperature indirectly by measuring some property that is a sensitive function of temperature, for example, the volume of mercury inside a capillary (mercury thermometer), the electric current between two different metallic wires (thermocouple), etc. In the SI system, the absolute temperature is a fundamental quantity (dimension) and its unit is the kelvin (K). In the American Engineering system, absolute temperature is measured in rankine (R), whose relationship to the kelvin is. 

In this case, we write Raa in terms of time rather than in terms of concentration directly and temperature indirectly through the Arrhenius equation... 

Additionally, the performance of a bituminous mixture to rut can be evaluated by the indirect tensile strength test at high temperatures. The test, known as high-temperature indirect tensile test (HT-IDT), is performed as described in AASHTO T 283 (2011) for unconditioned (dry) specimens, but at test temperature 10°C below the average 7-day maximum pavement temperature 20 mm below the surface (see Section 7.6.2.4). 

Answer As shown in Figure 7, the graphite temperature has a direct relationship with pile power and pile reactivity. In addition, the graphite temperature indirectly affects every other component or product contributing to the pile reactivity status. The main characteristics of graphite temperatiire changes are listed below ... 

These functions Pi(co) depend on the temperature indirectly through the chain breakage rate. Keeping only the secular terms - i.e., the terms which remain oscillatory without decay -, we find the storage modulus G (q, T) and the loss modulus G"(co, T) can be written in the form... 

However, many of the engineering plastics are not well suited to joining by direct heat, because of the high melt temperatures. Indirect heating methods and frictional heating methods must be used to obtain fast, high-quality bonds with these useful plastic materials. 

The measured values of pressure and temperature indirectly reflect the quality of the molded part. If these variables are reproduced within predefined monitoring windows, constant quality can be assumed. 

In Arctic tundra soil, temperatures remain low for much of the year, and annual P fluxes through the organic matter are only 15-40% of those in temperate grassland soils. Here, temperature indirectly limits decomposition by affecting the rate of microbial biomass increase, following the periodic crashes in population that occur seasonally during freeze-thaw cycles... 

The temperatures of a brittle-plastic transition can be seen from peaks of relaxation spectra which indicate the onset of some flexibility of molecular chains, eg, by crankshaft motions. PE has the lowest transition temperature, followed by PC, and EP (compare Figs, la, c, and d). This is reflected in the same succession of strain rates e for which the rise of eur starts. This result is one example demonstrating that relaxation at high temperatures indirectly controls... 

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