TEIJIN TWARON

Aerospace composite structures can also employ high-performance polymeric fibres such as the aramids Kevlar (DuPont) or Twaron (Teijin Twaron), poly(p-phenyl-ene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) (PBO) (Toyobo) and high-modulus polyethylene (PE) (Dynema, Certran and Spectra). Generally ultra-high-molecular-weight PE (UHMWPE) can be considered to be inert to most environments except that the service temperature is limited to <130 °C. 

C. K. Bottger, R. Harteit, K. R. Stolze, J. Jager, H. van de Ven, and P. G. Akker. Method for producing a hydrophobically finished aramid fabric and use thereof. US Patent 7132131, assigned to Teijin Twaron GmbH (Wuppertal, DE), November 7, 2006. 

H. Werlich, W. ZwUling, and U. Wecker. Process for preparing p-aramide paper, p-aramide pulp, and the use of the paper and the pulp. EP Patent 1277 880, assigned to Teijin Twaron Gmbh (DE), January 22, 2003. 

M. Iwama and T. Takahashi. Process for preparing para-aromatic polyamide paper. US Patent 6942757, assigned to Teijin Twaron B.V. (Arnhem, NL), September 13, 2005. 

Aramid yarns (Kevlar of DuPont, Twaron of Teijin-Twaron) are produced from poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide), PPTA (2), which is specially developed for fiber spinning and not used in any other application. DuPont had experience with poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) in a fiber product called Nomex for high-temperature applications. The polymer is produced in dimethylacetamide and the solution is dry-spun. This cannot be done with the stiff-chain para-para analogue PPTA. The polymer does not dissolve in organic solvents. A special polymerization route had to be developed, and the discovery of lyotropic behavior of concentrated solutions in sulfuric acid then led the way to the production of a magnificent new fiber material. 

The information in this chapter was gathered during 25 years service at Akzo Fibers Research and recently updated, extended, commented upon, and improved by former colleagues now working for Acordis and Teijin-Twaron. 

Aramid properties used in the Fortran calculations were as per Twaron 2200 Data Sheet, Teijin Twaron 1999. Pebax properties as per Pdiax Data Sheet, Atochem, Elf Aquitane Group, Atochem Inc [2]. 

The situation is very similar on the para side of chemistry. The first and the largest producer—DuPont—has three facilities throughout the world. The largest one in the United States produces essentially all product forms except films. Fiber is also produced in Ireland and Japan. The other producer of p-aramids is Teijin Co., which produces two basic fibers Twaron based on PPTA and Technora based on a copolymer. Twaron is produced in the Netherlands while Technora is manufactured in Japan. 

Source From DuPont Technical Guide for Kevlar Aramid Fiber, H-77848, 4/00 DuPont Technical Guide for Nomex Brand Aramid Fiber, H-52720, 7/01 Teijin Ltd., Teijinconex Heat Resistant Aramids Fiber 02.05 Teijin Ltd., High Tenacity Aramids Fibre Technora TIE-05/87.5 Akzo Nobel, Twaron—Product Information Yarns, Fibers and Pulp. 

Fig. 7.16 Twaron SRM with silicon carbide coating (reproduced with permission from Teijin Aramid B.V.). ...

There are three major commercial suppliers Dupont produce Kevlar aramid in several versions Akzo produce under the trade name Twaron, while the Teijin company have an aramid which they market under the trade name of Technora (reference 1.4). 

Twaron textiles (before Fiber X) are one of the most popular brands of ballistic materials developed by Teijin Aramid using p-phenylene terephthalamide. At the... 

Kevlar (DuPont),Twaron (Acordis), andTechnora (Teijin)... 

The para-aramids are typified by Kevlar (DuPont) and Twaron (Teijin) and are based on poly (para-phenylene terephthalamide) or PPTA. While having enhanced tensile strengths and moduli as a consequence of the extreme symmetry of their polymer chains and hence order or crystallinity, they also have improved thermal performance with a second order transition... 

Poly(p-phenyl terephthalamide) (PPTA) Twaron (Akzo) Technora (Teijin) Kevlar (Du Pont) Amodel (Solvay)... 

Polyaramide fibers are well known thermosets (see Polymers) having both a high-strength and stiffness combined with an excellent thermal resistance. They are commercialized under the trade names Kevlar and Nomex (E.l. DuPont de Nemours) and Technora and Twaron (Teijin) respectively. 

Aramid Fibers. Aramid (aromatic polyamide) fibers such as Kevlar (DuPont) and Twaron (Akzo Nobel) are made of poly(paraphenylene terephthala-mide). The polymer can be prepared by solution polycondensation of p-phenylene diamine and terephthaloyl chloride at low temperatures. The fiber is spun by extrusion of a solution of the polymer in a suitable solvent (for example, sulphuric acid), followed by stretching and thermal annealing treatment. Tech-nora (Teijin) fibers are slightly different from Kevlar and Twaron as they consist of a copolymer poly(paraphenylene terephthalamide-co-3,4-oxydiphenylene terephthalamide). Various grades of Kevlar fibers are produced (Kevlar-29, 49, and 149), Kevlar-49 being the one more commonly used in composite structures. 

The basic development and the first commercial introduction of aramid materials were done by DuPont, which continues to be the largest producer. MPDI fiber products (staple, continuous filament, yarn, and floe) under the trademark Nomex are produced by DuPont in the United States and Spain. The only other major MPDI producer is Teijin, with its fiber product Teijinconex produced in Japan. The situation is very similar with the PPTA manufacturers. The first and largest manufacturer, DuPont, produces essentially all product forms except films. DuPont s PPTA fibers are known under the trademark Kevlar , p-Aramid fiber is also produced in Ireland and Japan. The other producer of PPTA is Teijin Co., which produces two basic fibers Twaron based on PPTA, and Technora based on the ODA-PPTA copolymer. A small amount of p-aramid fibers (Armos and Rusar ) are produced in Russia, both being based on SVM copolymer [6]. 

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