Technora Aramid

Aramids, such as Kevlar 49, are chemically quite stable and have high resistance to neutral chemicals. But they are susceptible to attack particularly by strong acids and also by bases. However, Technora aramid fibre has extremely high strength retention in both acids and alkalis. 

Following the technological breakthroughs which led to the discovery of (1) the liquid crystalline behavior ofpara-oriented aramids26 and (2) a novel method for spinning anisotropic liquid crystalline polymer solutions,27 Kevlar aramid fiber was produced and commercialized by the DuPont company in 1972. Other fibers based on aromatic polyamide compositions, which were produced and commercialized by other companies, were Technora (Teijin, Japan), Teijinconex (Teijin, Japan), andTwaron (Akzo, The Netherlands). Additionally, SVM is a fiber produced in the Former Soviet Union and it was announced in 1990 that a new aramid fiber had been introduced by Hoechst, in Germany. 

Teijin aramid fiber, known as Technora (formerly as HM-50), is made slightly differently from the liquid crystal route described above. Three monomers, terephthalic acid, p-phenylenediamine (PDA), and 3,4-diamino diphenyl ether are used. The ether monomer provides more flexibility to the backbone chain which results in a fiber that has slightly better compressive properties than PPTA aramid fiber made via the liquid crystal route. An amide solvent with a small amount of salt (calcium chloride or lithium chloride) is used as a solvent (Ozawa et al., 1978). The polymerization is done at 0-80 C in 1-5 h and with a polymer concentration of 6-12%. The reaction mixture is spun from a spirmeret into a coagulating bath containing 35-50% CaClj. Draw ratios between 6 and 10 are used. 

Recently, a less corrosive room-temperature eluant consisting of methane sulfonic add + 5% methane sulfonic anhydride + O.IM sodium methane sulfonate has been reported for Kevlar and Technora fibers. Separation was performed on HasteUoy C columns packed with 4000 A SAX 10-/u.m particles (Polymer Laboratories), using ultraviolet (UV) detection and poly(benzoxazole) for calibration [3]. Work on the SEC characterization of aramids is extremely limited and generally lacks details of molecular-weight (MW) accuracy. In the following section, we will focus exclusively on aliphatic polyamides. 

Aramid reinforcement is also available as paper and sold under tradenames of Nomex by DuPont and TP Technora from Teijin America. Aramid paper is used in circuit boards to improve crack resistance and to... 

The situation is very similar on the para side of chemistry. The first and the largest producer—DuPont—has three facilities throughout the world. The largest one in the United States produces essentially all product forms except films. Fiber is also produced in Ireland and Japan. The other producer of p-aramids is Teijin Co., which produces two basic fibers Twaron based on PPTA and Technora based on a copolymer. Twaron is produced in the Netherlands while Technora is manufactured in Japan. 

Source From DuPont Technical Guide for Kevlar Aramid Fiber, H-77848, 4/00 DuPont Technical Guide for Nomex Brand Aramid Fiber, H-52720, 7/01 Teijin Ltd., Teijinconex Heat Resistant Aramids Fiber 02.05 Teijin Ltd., High Tenacity Aramids Fibre Technora TIE-05/87.5 Akzo Nobel, Twaron—Product Information Yarns, Fibers and Pulp. 

Teijin Ltd., High Tenacity Aramids Fibre Technora TIE-05/87.5. 

The aramide fibers include those made of poly(w-phenylene isophthalamide) (Nomex types) and poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (Kevlar types). The industrially produced aramide fiber Technora is a copolyamide. 

A copolymeric derivative of the para-aramid fibres was introduced by Teijin in 1985 under the tradename Technora . This fibre is based on the copolymeric structure copoly-(paraphenylene/3,4 -oxydiphenylene terephthalamide) and is claimed to have a much higher chemical resistance than PPTA as well as increased abrasion and steam resistance, which are useful properties in many protective applications. Technora has a decomposition temperature of about 500 °C, and other properties are comparable with PPTA although its LOI value is slightly lower at 25 vol%. 

There are three major commercial suppliers Dupont produce Kevlar aramid in several versions Akzo produce under the trade name Twaron, while the Teijin company have an aramid which they market under the trade name of Technora (reference 1.4). 

Imuro H and Yoshida N, Differences between Technora and PPTA aramid. In 25th Int Manmade Fibres Coni, Austria, 1986. 

The two typical example of copolyamide type of aramid fibres are Technora (Teijin) and Kermel (Kermel) fibres. Technora fibres is produced from reactions between a mixture of p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and 3,4 -diaminodiphenylether (3,4 -ODA) with terephthaloyl chloride (TC1), and Kermel fibre is a polyamide imide (PAI) fibre, which has the advantage of having little shrinkage in hot water (= 0%) and hot air (0.2%). ... 

The basic development and the first commercial introduction of aramid materials were done by DuPont, which continues to be the largest producer. MPDI fiber products (staple, continuous filament, yarn, and floe) under the trademark Nomex are produced by DuPont in the United States and Spain. The only other major MPDI producer is Teijin, with its fiber product Teijinconex produced in Japan. The situation is very similar with the PPTA manufacturers. The first and largest manufacturer, DuPont, produces essentially all product forms except films. DuPont s PPTA fibers are known under the trademark Kevlar , p-Aramid fiber is also produced in Ireland and Japan. The other producer of PPTA is Teijin Co., which produces two basic fibers Twaron based on PPTA, and Technora based on the ODA-PPTA copolymer. A small amount of p-aramid fibers (Armos and Rusar ) are produced in Russia, both being based on SVM copolymer [6]. 

Figure 8.1. Overview of high performance fibers mechanical properties. PET = poly(ethylene terephthal-ate), UHMWPE = ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, PBO = poly(benzoxazole), M5 = PIPD or poly[di-imidazo-pyridinylene-(dihydroxy phenylene)]. The p-aramids included in the area are Kevlar, Twaron, Technora and SVM (Armos, Rusar) fibers. The latter fiber tjipe accounts for the high mod-ulus/high tenacity area of aramids (Adapted from ref. [6]). For chemical structures see Scheme 8.1...

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