Technora fibers

Technora. In 1985, Teijin Ltd. introduced Technora fiber, previously known as HM-50, into the high performance fiber market. Technora is based on the 1 1 copolyterephthalamide of 3,4 -diaminodiphenyl ether and/ -phenylenediamine (8). Technora is a whoUy aromatic copolyamide of PPT, modified with a crankshaft-shaped comonomer, which results in the formation of isotropic solutions that then become anisotropic during the shear alignment during spinning. The polymer is synthesized by the low temperature polymerization of/ -phenylenediamine, 3,4 -diaminophenyl ether, and terephthaloyl chloride in an amide solvent containing a small amount of an alkaU salt. Calcium chloride or lithium chloride is used as the alkaU salt. The solvents used are hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA), A/-methyl-2-pyrrohdinone (NMP), and dimethyl acetamide (DMAc). The stmcture of Technora is as follows ... 

The copolymer fiber shows a high degree of drawabiUty. The spun fibers of the copolymer were highly drawn over a wide range of conditions to produce fibers with tensile properties comparable to PPT fibers spun from Hquid crystalline dopes. There is a strong correlation between draw ratio and tenacity. Typical tenacity and tensile modulus values of 2.2 N/tex (25 gf/den) and 50 N/tex (570 gf/den), respectively, have been reported for Technora fiber (8). 

Technora fiber, 13 376-377 TechStreet technical information superstore, 15 763 Tecnoflon, 7 641 Tecomanine, 2 101 Tectosilicates, 22 453t Tedisamil, 5 106 Tedlar PVF film, 20 592 Teflon... 

The Technora fiber made by Teijin shows properties that are a compromise between conventional fibers and rigid-rod fibers. Table 4.3 provides a summary of these. In terms of its stress-strain behavior, it can be said that Technora fiber lies in between Kevlar 49 and Kevlar 29. 

Recently, a less corrosive room-temperature eluant consisting of methane sulfonic add + 5% methane sulfonic anhydride + O.IM sodium methane sulfonate has been reported for Kevlar and Technora fibers. Separation was performed on HasteUoy C columns packed with 4000 A SAX 10-/u.m particles (Polymer Laboratories), using ultraviolet (UV) detection and poly(benzoxazole) for calibration [3]. Work on the SEC characterization of aramids is extremely limited and generally lacks details of molecular-weight (MW) accuracy. In the following section, we will focus exclusively on aliphatic polyamides. 

Copolymers are noncrystalline materials. Blackwell has studied the fine structure of Technora fiber [16]. 

Following the technological breakthroughs which led to the discovery of (1) the liquid crystalline behavior ofpara-oriented aramids26 and (2) a novel method for spinning anisotropic liquid crystalline polymer solutions,27 Kevlar aramid fiber was produced and commercialized by the DuPont company in 1972. Other fibers based on aromatic polyamide compositions, which were produced and commercialized by other companies, were Technora (Teijin, Japan), Teijinconex (Teijin, Japan), andTwaron (Akzo, The Netherlands). Additionally, SVM is a fiber produced in the Former Soviet Union and it was announced in 1990 that a new aramid fiber had been introduced by Hoechst, in Germany. 

Teijin aramid fiber, known as Technora (formerly as HM-50), is made slightly differently from the liquid crystal route described above. Three monomers, terephthalic acid, p-phenylenediamine (PDA), and 3,4-diamino diphenyl ether are used. The ether monomer provides more flexibility to the backbone chain which results in a fiber that has slightly better compressive properties than PPTA aramid fiber made via the liquid crystal route. An amide solvent with a small amount of salt (calcium chloride or lithium chloride) is used as a solvent (Ozawa et al., 1978). The polymerization is done at 0-80 C in 1-5 h and with a polymer concentration of 6-12%. The reaction mixture is spun from a spirmeret into a coagulating bath containing 35-50% CaClj. Draw ratios between 6 and 10 are used. 

The situation is very similar on the para side of chemistry. The first and the largest producer—DuPont—has three facilities throughout the world. The largest one in the United States produces essentially all product forms except films. Fiber is also produced in Ireland and Japan. The other producer of p-aramids is Teijin Co., which produces two basic fibers Twaron based on PPTA and Technora based on a copolymer. Twaron is produced in the Netherlands while Technora is manufactured in Japan. 

Source From DuPont Technical Guide for Kevlar Aramid Fiber, H-77848, 4/00 DuPont Technical Guide for Nomex Brand Aramid Fiber, H-52720, 7/01 Teijin Ltd., Teijinconex Heat Resistant Aramids Fiber 02.05 Teijin Ltd., High Tenacity Aramids Fibre Technora TIE-05/87.5 Akzo Nobel, Twaron—Product Information Yarns, Fibers and Pulp. 

The aramide fibers include those made of poly(w-phenylene isophthalamide) (Nomex types) and poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (Kevlar types). The industrially produced aramide fiber Technora is a copolyamide. 

Comparison Between Technora and PPTA. In this study, dealing mainly with Technora , it was also confirmed that the PPTA shows almost the same behavior as Technora except for a difference in the adhesion level, as shown in Figures 10 and 11. More particularly, not only in the case of the low temperature plasma treatment but also for the RFIP method of the nylons, the adhesion properties of Technora bric samples wore higher than those of PPTA fabric samples. As a IHobable reason for this behavior, the reactivities of nylon thin films with the RFL adhesive in both fibers are estimated to be equal, and it is assumed that the adhesion properties of the nylon thin films to the Technora fabric samples are higher than those to PPTA fabric samples. 

The high anisotropy of fibers, such as Kevlar, Twaron, Technora, Spectra and Dyneema, makes it doubly important to get the fiber orientation right in the composite and the weak transverse bonding means that there is easy yielding in compression and relatively poor temperature/time performance. Design decisions are thus very important. The ceramic fibers are less critical in these respects. 

Polyaramide fibers are well known thermosets (see Polymers) having both a high-strength and stiffness combined with an excellent thermal resistance. They are commercialized under the trade names Kevlar and Nomex (E.l. DuPont de Nemours) and Technora and Twaron (Teijin) respectively. 

The basic development and the first commercial introduction of aramid materials were done by DuPont, which continues to be the largest producer. MPDI fiber products (staple, continuous filament, yarn, and floe) under the trademark Nomex are produced by DuPont in the United States and Spain. The only other major MPDI producer is Teijin, with its fiber product Teijinconex produced in Japan. The situation is very similar with the PPTA manufacturers. The first and largest manufacturer, DuPont, produces essentially all product forms except films. DuPont s PPTA fibers are known under the trademark Kevlar , p-Aramid fiber is also produced in Ireland and Japan. The other producer of PPTA is Teijin Co., which produces two basic fibers Twaron based on PPTA, and Technora based on the ODA-PPTA copolymer. A small amount of p-aramid fibers (Armos and Rusar ) are produced in Russia, both being based on SVM copolymer [6]. 

Figure 8.1. Overview of high performance fibers mechanical properties. PET = poly(ethylene terephthal-ate), UHMWPE = ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, PBO = poly(benzoxazole), M5 = PIPD or poly[di-imidazo-pyridinylene-(dihydroxy phenylene)]. The p-aramids included in the area are Kevlar, Twaron, Technora and SVM (Armos, Rusar) fibers. The latter fiber tjipe accounts for the high mod-ulus/high tenacity area of aramids (Adapted from ref. [6]). For chemical structures see Scheme 8.1...

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