Technora

Technora. In 1985, Teijin Ltd. introduced Technora fiber, previously known as HM-50, into the high performance fiber market. Technora is based on the 1 1 copolyterephthalamide of 3,4 -diaminodiphenyl ether and/ -phenylenediamine (8). Technora is a whoUy aromatic copolyamide of PPT, modified with a crankshaft-shaped comonomer, which results in the formation of isotropic solutions that then become anisotropic during the shear alignment during spinning. The polymer is synthesized by the low temperature polymerization of/ -phenylenediamine, 3,4 -diaminophenyl ether, and terephthaloyl chloride in an amide solvent containing a small amount of an alkaU salt. Calcium chloride or lithium chloride is used as the alkaU salt. The solvents used are hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA), A/-methyl-2-pyrrohdinone (NMP), and dimethyl acetamide (DMAc). The stmcture of Technora is as follows ... 

The copolymer fiber shows a high degree of drawabiUty. The spun fibers of the copolymer were highly drawn over a wide range of conditions to produce fibers with tensile properties comparable to PPT fibers spun from Hquid crystalline dopes. There is a strong correlation between draw ratio and tenacity. Typical tenacity and tensile modulus values of 2.2 N/tex (25 gf/den) and 50 N/tex (570 gf/den), respectively, have been reported for Technora fiber (8). 

Technora fiber, 13 376-377 TechStreet technical information superstore, 15 763 Tecnoflon, 7 641 Tecomanine, 2 101 Tectosilicates, 22 453t Tedisamil, 5 106 Tedlar PVF film, 20 592 Teflon... 

Following the technological breakthroughs which led to the discovery of (1) the liquid crystalline behavior ofpara-oriented aramids26 and (2) a novel method for spinning anisotropic liquid crystalline polymer solutions,27 Kevlar aramid fiber was produced and commercialized by the DuPont company in 1972. Other fibers based on aromatic polyamide compositions, which were produced and commercialized by other companies, were Technora (Teijin, Japan), Teijinconex (Teijin, Japan), andTwaron (Akzo, The Netherlands). Additionally, SVM is a fiber produced in the Former Soviet Union and it was announced in 1990 that a new aramid fiber had been introduced by Hoechst, in Germany. 

Teijin aramid fiber, known as Technora (formerly as HM-50), is made slightly differently from the liquid crystal route described above. Three monomers, terephthalic acid, p-phenylenediamine (PDA), and 3,4-diamino diphenyl ether are used. The ether monomer provides more flexibility to the backbone chain which results in a fiber that has slightly better compressive properties than PPTA aramid fiber made via the liquid crystal route. An amide solvent with a small amount of salt (calcium chloride or lithium chloride) is used as a solvent (Ozawa et al., 1978). The polymerization is done at 0-80 C in 1-5 h and with a polymer concentration of 6-12%. The reaction mixture is spun from a spirmeret into a coagulating bath containing 35-50% CaClj. Draw ratios between 6 and 10 are used. 

The Technora fiber made by Teijin shows properties that are a compromise between conventional fibers and rigid-rod fibers. Table 4.3 provides a summary of these. In terms of its stress-strain behavior, it can be said that Technora fiber lies in between Kevlar 49 and Kevlar 29. 

Recently, a less corrosive room-temperature eluant consisting of methane sulfonic add + 5% methane sulfonic anhydride + O.IM sodium methane sulfonate has been reported for Kevlar and Technora fibers. Separation was performed on HasteUoy C columns packed with 4000 A SAX 10-/u.m particles (Polymer Laboratories), using ultraviolet (UV) detection and poly(benzoxazole) for calibration [3]. Work on the SEC characterization of aramids is extremely limited and generally lacks details of molecular-weight (MW) accuracy. In the following section, we will focus exclusively on aliphatic polyamides. 

A class of related copolymers (8 to 13 in Table 5.2) interesting from the view point of chemistry and properties are the copolymers (produced as Technora by Teijin Ltd.) based on 1,4-phenylenediamine, tereph-thaloyl chloride and the third monomer 3,1 -d i a min od i p he ny I e t he r (Ozawa et al, 1978). The polymerization can be carried out at 0°C-80°C in an amide solvent (NMP or DMAc) with a small amount of salt (CaCL or LiCl). The incorporation of 3,4 -diaminodiphenylether moieties in the chain makes the polymer less rigid than PPD-T and it has a slightly lower decomposition temperature (500 °C as compared to 550 °C for PPD-T). However, as shown in Figure 5.1, except for side-steps the polymer can take a fully extended linear chain conformation because of the unique 3,4 -disubstitution of the diphenylether unit. If the two substitutions are in... 

Figure 5.1. Technora copolymer containing 3,4 -diphenylether units and related 4,4 -copolymer.

Meinecke, E. A. Clark, R. C. "Mechanical Properties of Polymeric Foams" Technoraic Westport, CT, 1973. 

Phenylenediamine 1,3 -Phenylenediamine 3,4 -Diaminodiphenyl ether 4,4 -Diaminodiphenyl ether Kevlar , Twaron Nomex Technora Fihns ... 

Aramid reinforcement is also available as paper and sold under tradenames of Nomex by DuPont and TP Technora from Teijin America. Aramid paper is used in circuit boards to improve crack resistance and to... 

The situation is very similar on the para side of chemistry. The first and the largest producer—DuPont—has three facilities throughout the world. The largest one in the United States produces essentially all product forms except films. Fiber is also produced in Ireland and Japan. The other producer of p-aramids is Teijin Co., which produces two basic fibers Twaron based on PPTA and Technora based on a copolymer. Twaron is produced in the Netherlands while Technora is manufactured in Japan. 

Nomex—a registered trademark of E.I. DuPont de Nemours Co., Inc., Wilmington, Delaware, USA. Teijinconex, Technora—registered trademarks of Teijin, Ltd., Japan. 

Copolymers are noncrystalline materials. Blackwell has studied the fine structure of Technora fiber [16]. 

Source From DuPont Technical Guide for Kevlar Aramid Fiber, H-77848, 4/00 DuPont Technical Guide for Nomex Brand Aramid Fiber, H-52720, 7/01 Teijin Ltd., Teijinconex Heat Resistant Aramids Fiber 02.05 Teijin Ltd., High Tenacity Aramids Fibre Technora TIE-05/87.5 Akzo Nobel, Twaron—Product Information Yarns, Fibers and Pulp. 

Yarns are available in a variety of deniers and merge types that vary in the balance of tensile properties. Special finishes can be applied to increase lubricity, improve fatigue in wet applications, or provide better UV resistance. Ropes using Kevlar or Twaron are particularly useful for static applications or where maximum modulus is required. Technora-based ropes are suited for dynamic applications where resistance to fatigue is important. 

Teijin Ltd., High Tenacity Aramids Fibre Technora TIE-05/87.5. 

The aramide fibers include those made of poly(w-phenylene isophthalamide) (Nomex types) and poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (Kevlar types). The industrially produced aramide fiber Technora is a copolyamide. 

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