Technology issues disadvantages

This paper surveys factors relevant to material choices in ITER, briefly describing advantages and disadvantages of the various material options considered, with emphasis on the implications of the current choice on the problem of in-vessel tritium retention. Other PMI and technological issues associated with the development of robust PFCs for ITER and future fusion power reactors are dealt with elsewhere [3-6]. 

These four very different NIR technologies represent the mainstream analyzer types used in many process analytical technology applications. They also cover the main types of established commercially available analyzers. Given their various characteristics and the physical principles upon which they are based, it is obvious that they will have different advantages and disadvantages depending on the detailed circumstances of the application. These issues will be covered in more detail below. 

Hence, a feasible control strategy should be the use of fuels with smaller mass emissions, reduced reactivity of the emissions, or both. We discuss briefly some of the chemical implications of the use of some of these alternate fuels. For a more comprehensive treatment of the advantages and disadvantages of alternate fuels and technologies, see the National Research Council report (1991), and for a discussion of a variety of issues associated with motor vehicle emissions, see Cadle et al. (1996, 1997a, 1997b) and Chang et al. (1991). 

The three disadvantages of MI when compared with other imputation methods are (a) more effort to create the multiple imputations, (b) more time to run the analyses, and (c) more computer storage space for Ml-created data sets (6). These are hardly issues with current development in computer technology. The MI approach is computationally simpler than the ML and Bayesian approaches for most practical situations. Once the imputed data is generated, the data can be analyzed with any data analysis software of choice. 

Although CE technology has many advantages as an analytical tool, it has some disadvantages which are currently under investigation for improvements. For example, two major CE drawbacks frequently discussed by investigators are (a) the low concentration limits of detection (CLOD) and (b) the lack of detectors which provide structural information. Recent advances have addressed both of these issues. Enhancements in CLOD have been achieved by the advent of a number of preconcentration methods, in particular the use of on-line solid-phase microextractors or analyte concentrator-microreactors (see Refs. 50,51,58,68,... 

Each approach has its characteristic advantages and disadvantages due to the underlying technology and the materials issues involved (see the remainder of this section). In contrast, SLR schemes are relatively simple processes, can have moderate levels of resolution and etch resistance, and good hnearity, but they suffer from reflective swing problems and small depths of focus, and are limited to low aspect ratios. Irrespective of the resist process approach chosen, chemical amplification continues to be the dominant exposure mechanism of the imaging layer. 

Though electrokinetics is being advocated as an effective treatment mechanism, a lot of process-related issues, such as its ability to achieve the remediation goals, are yet to be addressed. Some of the major disadvantages of the technology are... 

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