Techno—economic evaluation

The aim of the work described in this chapter is to evaluate the cryogenic packed bed (CPB) concept, both on technical aspects and on economic performance. Furthermore, the economics of the CPB concept are compared to other post-combustion technologies, namely, amine scrubbing and membrane technology, investigating the importance of various process assumptions. 

The chapter is organized as follows first a base case is defined and the costs per ton of CO2 emissions avoided are calculated. Subsequently, a sensitivity analysis of some key process parameters is discussed. Finally, the results are compared to the results of economic studies on CO2 capture via amine scrubbing [23] and membrane technology [20]. 

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M. Ikura andj. F. Kelly, "A Techno-Economic Evaluation of CANMET Coprocessing Technology," Proceedings Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference, 1990, pp. 719—728. 

Coagulation/UF/NF/ Reclamation objectives reached at laboratory RO scale. Preliminary techno-economic evaluation... 

Grainger, D. and Hagg, M.-B. (2007) Techno-economic evaluation of a PVAm C02-selective membrane in an IGCC power plant with C02 capture. Fuel, 81 (8), 14-24. 

In chapter 2, some basic ideas about steam reforming in conventional and membrane reactors are worked out. In this chapter the operation of conventional steam-reformers is compared with possible membrane steam-reformers. In this chapter also a techno-economic evaluation of a membrane reactor compared with the conventional process is provided. The boundary conditions imposed by process technology and the techno-economic evaluation result in the formulation of requirements for the development of the membranes, i.e. selectivity, flux, tube length, operating pressure, etc. 

In this paragraph two of the most appropriate concepts for steam reforming employing a membrane will be discussed, namely Membrane Steam Reforming (MSR) and Gas Heated Reforming (GHR) with enriched air. The cases are described below, and are based on a Techno-Economic Evaluation prepared by KEMA, SINTEF and Norsk Hydro [21],... 

R. Meijer, D. van der Vlist, F. Janssen, A. Anundskas, T. Pettersen and T. Strom, Membrane Reactor for Cost Effective Environmental-Friendly Production of Hydrogen - Techno-economic Evaluation , Internal Report, (1997). 

It may be necessary to improve membrane selectivities, so that further purification of the produced hydrogen before re-use in the desulphurisation units can be limited as far as possible. Moreover the membrane reactor can be optimised for various variables, such as H2S conversion, hydrogen recovery, membrane area and temperature. In a techno-economic evaluation combined with advanced process design the impact of different operating parameters on the investment and operating costs should be studied. 

A Techno Economic Evaluation revealed the main factors influencing the costs and thereby the cost-effectiveness of a membrane steam-reformer compared to conventional processes (chapter 2). The evaluation showed that membrane steam reforming can be cost-effective. 

Kobya, M., Bayramoglu, M., Eyvaz, M. (2007). Techno-economical evaluation of electrocoagulation for the textile wastewater using different electrode connections. J. Hazard. Mater. 148, 311-318. 

Techno-economic Evaluation of Hydrogen Production by Thermocatalytic Decomposition of Natural Gas. Techno-economic analysis of hydrogen production by thermocatalytic decomposition of natural gas was conducted in cooperation with... 

Techno-economic evaluations [12] have shown that oxygen selective membranes are required that can deliver oxygen at a rate of over 10 ml/cm min. This value will be used as a base case for all our considerations. 

Based upon the above considerations, it is concluded that the implementation of membrane reactors at an industrial level will be strongly related to further development, testing and optimization of larger scale membrane reactors under real operating conditions, in order to obtain effective performance and cost data to be directly used for techno-economic evaluations by industrial companies. 

J. W. Dijkstra, G. Raju, G. Peppink, D. Jansen, Techno-economic evaluation of membrane technology for pre-combustion decarbonisatitm water-gas shift versus reforming. Energy Pro-cedia 4 (2011)723-730. 

Techno-economic Evaluation of Membrane Separation for Retrofitting Olefin/Paraffin Fractionators in an Ethylene Plant... 

Figure 10.5 Process flow diagrams of the two parallel HMD configurations used for preliminary techno-economic evaluation of DE retrofitting.

Table 10,4 Preliminary techno-economic evaluation of parallel HMD systems for DE retrofitting at membrane feed flowrates of 900, 1600 and 2000 kmol/h.

For the techno-economic evaluation of retrofitting a distillation column to an HMD system, one important indicator is the net savings (NS %). It is the percentage of difference in the... 

Tuinier MJ, Hamers HP, van Sint Annaland M (2011) Techno-economic evaluation of cryogenic CO2 capture a comparison with absorption and membrane technology. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 5 1559-1565... 

The amount of CO2 deposited per unit of bed volume is an important indicator of the required capital costs, while the calculated specific cooling duty gives a good indication of the energy requirements for different cases. Blowers and compressors are responsible for part of the power consumption. The techno-economic evaluation described in the following sections includes these requirements and discusses the economic feasibility of the newly developed process concept. 

Macrelli S, Mogensen J, Zacchi G. (2012). Techno-economic evaluation of 2nd generation bioethanol production from sugar cane bagasse and leaves integrated with the sugar-based ethanol process. Biotechnol Biof, 5, 22. 

Wingren A, Galbe M, Zacchi G. (2003). Techno-economic evaluation of producing ethanol from softwood comparison of SSF and SHF and identification of bottlenecks. Biotechnol Prog, 9, 1109-1117. 

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