Techniques high-temperature synthesis

The technique, now named self-sustaining high-temperature synthesis (SHS) - on the grounds that long names drive out short ones - was later taken up in the West, and has gradually become more sophisticated. The synthesis of TiC, by Holt and Munir (1986) marks the beginning of detailed analysis of heat generation and... 

SIDMT. Metal Hydrides Manufacturing. Coals Increase the Hydrogen content in the Metallic Hydrides. Synthesize Metallic Hydrides by conventional techniques and by Self-propagation High Temperature Synthesis. 

In the second phase of the development, the ability of property estimation of the network is examined with the data samples which are measured from the experimental process but never used in the training session. Based on the experimental data which were available for the trial, we trained and tested the ANN network to predict densities of FGM. Table 1 shows the comparison of measured and the network estimated densities of as-synthesized TiB2-Cu FGM using the Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) technique. The result indicates that the ANN network can give quite good estimations to the FGM properties. 

Chemically the interlayers in the modular phases described previously are relatively reactive. This has been exploited to fabricate large numbers of phases that are not available via the normal solid-state chemistry preparative method of high-temperature synthesis from mixed oxides or oxide precursors. The technique generally employs low temperatures, typically room temperature to 300°C, and long reactions times, of the order of 1 week. This procedure, termed chimie douce , is often translated as soft chemistry but is better called mild chemistry or gentle chemistry . Under such conditions, much of the stmcture remains intact, and the product phases have a strong topotactic relationship to the starting stmctures. For the modular perovskite phases, in... 

Combustion synthesis (CS) is an attractive technique to produce a wide variety of advanced materials including powders and near-net shape products of ceramics, intermetallics, composites, and functionally graded materials. This method was discovered in the former Soviet Union [13]. The development of this technique leads to the appearance of a new scientific direction that incorporates both aspects of combustion and materials science [14, 15]. CS can occur by two modes self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) and volume combustion synthesis (YCS). 

The first decisive investigations to establish the bulk synthesis of new Ga oxonitride phases used high-pressure/high-temperature synthesis techniques, and were related to the discoveries of the new dense spinel-structured nitrides y-Si3N4 and Y-Ge3N4 [16-18, 31, 33, 34, 236-238],... 

In the 1950s to 1980s, two main techniques were developed for the synthesis of artificial diamond (a) high-pressure/high-temperature synthesis that yielded artificial diamond gems [18], and (b) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [19] that made possible the synthesis of diamond in thin-film form on various substrates. Different CVD techniques have been adopted in the synthesis of diamond thin films. Three main CVD techniques include hot-filament CVD [20], plasma-assisted CVD [21], and combustion CVD [22]. There are many types of plasma-assisted CVD techniques according to the energy sources, such as the microwave plasma-assisted CVD (also... 

Recent applications of the dynamic diffraction experimental techniques were mostly in the areas of temperature-induced dehydration processes in natural zeolites, hydrothermal crystallization of aluminosilicate and aluminophosphate microporous materials, thermal decomposition of layer silicate minerals, high-temperature synthesis of advanced ceramics, and hydrothermal ion-exchange and conversion processes in synthetic molecular sieves. The time-resolved powder diffraction patterns relative to the isothermal nucleation and growth process of zeoUte-A by the hydrothermal treatment of activated metakaollnite is shown in Figure 6. 

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