TATA-binding protein

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors. Figure 3 Transcription of PPAR target genes. A schematic representation of the transcription of PPAR-regulated genes in the absence (a) and presence (b) of PPAR ligand. Abbreviations PPAR-RE, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-response element RNA Pol II, RNA polymerase II TATA-BP, TATA-binding protein. 

A sequence stretch 300 base pairs upstream of the transcriptional start site suffices for most of the transcriptional regulation of the IL-6 gene (Fig. 1). Within this sequence stretch several transcription factors find their specific recognition sites. In 5 to 3 direction, AP-1, CREB, C/EBP 3/NF-IL6, SP-1 and NF-kB can bind to the promoter followed by TATA and its TATA binding protein TBP. Most enhancer factors become active in response to one or several different stimuli and the active factors can trigger transcription individually or in concert. For example, AP-1 is active upon cellular stress, or upon stimuli that tell cells to proliferate CREB becomes also active if cells experience growth signals, but also upon elevation of intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which occurs upon stimulation if so called hormone-activated G protein-coupled receptors. 

Fig. 11.3 Effect of HU on ET-1 mRNA expression in the TrHBMEC (a) and EA-hy 926 (b) endothelial cells in culture. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to assess the level of ET-1 mRNA in at least four independent experiments in duplicate. Results are expressed in percentage of residual ET-1 mRNA expression for HU-treated cells as compared to the control (culture with or without cytokines). The TATA-binding protein mRNA was used as an internal control. The abbreviations are the same as in the legend for Figure 11.2.

Adams, C.A., Kar, S.R., Hopper, J.E., and Fried, M.G. (2004) Self-association of the amino-terminal domain of the yeast TATA-binding protein./. Biol. Chem. 279, 1376-1382. 

Bustamante JO, Liepers A, Prendergast RA, Hanover JA, Oberliethner H. Patch clamp and atomic force microscopy demonstrate TATA-binding protein (TBP) interactions with the nuclear pore complex. JMembrane Biol 1995 146 X263-X272. 

Figure I. Chromatin acetylation status, transcription and survival a balance between HAT and HDAC activities, (a) Transcriptional activationlrepression relies on the chromatin acetylation status of histones. TBP TATA-Binding Protein, TF Transcription Factor, TR Transcriptional Repressor, (b) A fine-tuning of HAT/HDAC activities orchestrates neuronal death and survival. On one hand, acetylation levels can be decreased (HypoAc) because of CBP loss of function, as observed during apoptosis and neurodegeneration. On the other hand, when the threshold of acetylation is exceeded (HyperAc), this ultimately leads to nemonal death. (See Colom Plate 16.)...

TAF 250 TBP-Associated Factor II 250. Another direct connection between acetylation and transcriptional activation was demonstrated with the discovery that one of the TAFII (TATA-binding protein [TBP]-associated factor) subunits of the general transcription factor TFIID is itself a HAT. TFIID is one of the general factors required for the assembly of the RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation... 

AP-4 represses HIV-1 gene expression by recruiting HDACl as well as by masking TATA-binding protein to TATA box (Imai and Okamoto, 2006). AP-4 interacts both in vivo and in vitro with HDACl, and ChIP assays revealed that AP-4 and HDACl are present in the HIV-1 5 LTR promoter in latently infected cell lines and are dissociated from the promoter upon TNFa stimulation (Imai and Okamoto, 2006). 

Ge, H. and Roeder, R.G. (1994) The high mobility group protein HMGl can reversibly inhibit class II gene transcription by interaction with the TATA-binding protein. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 17136-17140. 

Ohdate, H., Lim, C.R., Kokubo, T., Matsubara, K.I., Kimata, Y., and Kohno, K. (2003) Impairment of the DNA-binding activity of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) renders the transcriptional function of Rvb2p/Tih2p, the yeast RuvB-like protein, essential for cell growth. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 14647-14656. 

TBP (TATA-binding protein) 1 38,000 Specifically recognizes the TATA box... 

TATA-Binding Protein The first component to bind in the assembly of a preinitiation complex at the TATA box of a typical Pol II promoter is the TATA-binding protein (TBP). The complete complex includes the basal (or general) transcription factors TFIIB, TFIIE, TFIIF, TFIIH Pol II and perhaps TFIIA (not all of the factors are shown in Fig. 28-27). This minimal preinitiation complex, however, is often insufficient for the initiation of transcription and generally does not form at all if the promoter is obscured within chromatin. Positive regulation leading to transcription is imposed by the transactivators and coactivators. 

The TATA binding protein and general transcription initiation factors. A slow basal level of transcription can be observed when all but a small part of the control region at the 5 end of a gene is deleted.325 This minimum promoter, which includes the TATA sequence, is the binding site of both the RNA... 

Figure 28-13 (A) Stereoscopic ribbon drawing of the phyloge-netically conserved 180-residue C-terminal portion of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) from Arabidopsis thaliana. The sequence consists of two direct repeats, giving the protein an approximate twofold symmetry. From Nikolov et al.337 (B) Structure of the corresponding C-terminal core (residues 155-335) of the human TATA-binding protein (TBP) bound to the TATA sequence of a promoter in adenovirus DNA. From Nikolov et al.327 (C) Structure of human transcription factor IIB bound to a TBP from Arabidopsis thaliana, which, in turn, is bound to an adenovirus TATA sequence. Hypothetical B DNA extensions have been modeled at both ends of the DNA segment. The +1 at the left end is the transcription start site and the —43 upstream end is to the right. From Nikolov et al.338 Courtesy of Stephen K. Burley.

After TFIIIA binds, proteins TFIIIC and then TFII-IB also bind. Although promoters of classes 2 and 3 do not require TFIIIA, all three classes depend upon TFIIIB and TFIIIC.484 The TATA-binding protein TBF is one of three components present in TFIIIB, which may be regarded as the true initiation factor.47 485 Both TFIIIA and TFIIIC can be described as assembly factors 47 A silkworm RNA pol III has been reported to require a transcription factor consisting of RNA 486... 

Recent Evidence Suggests That the TATA-Binding Protein May Be Required by All Three Polymerases... 

It has recently been demonstrated that the TATA-binding protein, in addition to flattening and widening the DNA by interacting (atypically) with the... 

Comai, L., N. Tanese, and R. Tjian, The TATA-binding protein and associated factors are integral components of the RNA polymerase I transcription factor, SL1. Cell 68 965-976, 1992. 

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