Target rate

Volumetric heat generation increases with temperature as a single or multiple S-shaped curves, whereas surface heat removal increases linearly. The shapes of these heat-generation curves and the slopes of the heat-removal lines depend on reaction kinetics, activation energies, reactant concentrations, flow rates, and the initial temperatures of reactants and coolants (70). The intersections of the heat-generation curves and heat-removal lines represent possible steady-state operations called stationary states (Fig. 15). Multiple stationary states are possible. Control is introduced to estabHsh the desired steady-state operation, produce products at targeted rates, and provide safe start-up and shutdown. Control methods can affect overall performance by their way of adjusting temperature and concentration variations and upsets, and by the closeness to which critical variables are operated near their limits. 

Target rate of 1.5kgha when results of research are known Not to use on cracked soils to avoid run-off through drains Revocation of aerial use... 

Schedules for progression from initial to target rates should be individualized. The need to reach nutrient goal should be balanced with the need for tolerance. 

Reach target metabolic behavior, in particular target rate of activation Fast in vitro metabolic assessment and use of expert systems Dubious extrapolation to in vivo situations limited predictive capacity of some expert systems... 

Postmoney value is the market cap after the funding is complete and is what new investors focus on. Postmoney value is measured against other deals and the likely step-up in value prior to the next funding evenf. As the biotech market heats up or cools down, comparable values rise and fall. During the venture capital stage, investors try to estimate when the company can do an IPO (their exit strategy) and at what premoney value, and based on this estimate, coupled with their target rate of refum, they discount back to what would be a reasonable private postmoney value. 

As shown by the data In Table 9.3, the 80 mm diameter designed screw met the target performance and operated at essentially the predicted screw speed. The slightly higher screw speed that was used (58 rpm) was likely a result of the lower compression rate used for the 80 mm screw. The lower compression rate likely reduced the pressure at the entry to the metering section to a value less than 22 MPa. This lower entry pressure would cause the specific rate to decrease slightly and thus require the screw speed to Increase to produce the target rate. 

Alternatively, for scheme members whose APR home sales exceed their average assessed home capital employed (excluding any capital imputation from the transfer price) by a factor of 3.5 or more, a target rate of profit will be set by dividing the ROC target rate by a factor of 3.5. The assessment of the returns of scheme members who elect for the ROS option will take account of the MOT on transfer price profit. 

For a company below its target rate of return this will reduce the price increase it can apply for, and if it is over its target return it will increase the amount it pays back to the DoH or the amoimt by which it will have to reduce prices. 

Target rate Percentage of targets ranked in the top 2% scoring entries. D-amino-acid oxidase. 

Atrial fibrillation Peak digoxin body stores larger than the 8 to 12 mcg/kg required for most patients with heart failure and normal sinus rhythm have been used for control of ventricular rate in patients with atrial fibrillation. Titrate doses of digoxin used for the treatment of chronic atrial fibrillation to the minimum dose that achieves the desired ventricular rate control without causing undesirable side effects. Data are not available to establish the appropriate resting or exercise target rates that should be achieved. 

A detailed comparison of available fluid lift capacity with targeted rates indicated that artificial-lift capacity was not adequate in a number of areas. 

Pipeline length, km Throughput, billion cubic meters p.a. (32 inch high pressure line) Wellhead cost of gas, /l,000 m3 Target rate of return (project discount rate for NPV calculations) Minimum acceptable transportation tariff to secure required NPV and loan coverage ratios, /l,000 m3 Minimum price of delivered gas to secure required NPV and loan coverage ratios, S/l, 000 m3... 

It is debatable what the emission rate is that would stabilize the atmospheric C02 concentration at an acceptable level. Similarly, it is not known how much the emission charge should be to reach that target rate. According to an MIT study released in March 2007, if a global carbon emission charge of 25/ton was applied, this would result in stabilizing the global C02 emission at today s rate of 28 billion tons per year by 2050. 

The most important assessment is the comparison with the company s present level of cost of capital, as measured by the CAPM for a single source, or the WACC for capital derived from several sources. As interest rates have fallen quite considerably, it is likely that these models, being historical, are higher than would be the case for capital raised now. However, to set either of these as the target rate would probably be safe, were it not for the risks involved in any new project. 

In fact, the target rate, often called the hurdle rate of return (HRR hurdle in the sense of needing to jump over it), is usually set at a premium above the WACC, this premium being designed to reflect the uncertainties surrounding the project. These include ... 

There is no consensus about the optimal treatment of symptomatic hyponatremia. The authors of a comprehensive review recommended a targeted rate of correction that does not exceed 8 mmol/1 on any day of treatment (92). Remaining within this target, the initial rate of correction can still be 1-2 mmol/l/hour for several hours in patients with severe symptoms (SED-13, 562). They suggested the following formulae for calculating the effect of giving 1 liter of infusate on serum sodium. 

Stream No. Source Target Source Target rate CP (kW/°C) (kW)... 

Intensified silicon intensifier target Rate of ATP turnover Rate of lactate production... 

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