Tannin activity content

The leaves of M. oleifera have neghgible amounts of tannins and total phenolics (6). Condensed tannins, activity of tiypsin inhibitors and lectins have not been detected in M oleifera. Therefore, these antinutritional factors are considered not to be able to produce any adverse effects in animals. However, lectins have been reported in aqueous extracts at pH 4.5 (43). The saponins are observed to be at comparable contents as in soyabean meal. Phytates are found... 

Cutch is a tannin and dye obtained from the heartwood of Acacia catechu (L.f) Willd., a leguminous tree native to India, Myanmar and other regions in southern Asia. Its active contents are cat-echutarmic acid (25-35%), catechin (2-10%), quercetin q.vl), and catechu red or brown (Schweppe, 1992 Roberts and Etherington, 2003). While primarily used to produce a fast dye with shades varying between brown, olive and khaki, a pigment based on this extract called Catechu brown (. v.) is described by Salter (1869). 

Part of herb used The seeds, which are purple-brown to black with a characteristic white eye , contained within a red-orange fruit about the size of a hazelnut. Main actives Guarana has the highest known caffeine content of any herb at 3.6-5.8%. It also contains small amounts of theophylline and theobromine, the other stimulant purine alkaloids similar to caffeine. Besides these, guarana contains about 12% tannins and some saponins. 

Faba beans contain several ANFs such as tannins, protease inhibitors (vicin/ convicin) and lectins. Use of low-vicin/convicin cultivars may allow substantial levels of faba beans to be included in poultry diets (Danner, 2003). The levels of trypsin inhibitor and lectin activities are low compared with other legume seeds and do not pose problems in poultry diets when faba beans are incorporated into diets at the levels shown below. Of most concern for poultry is the tannin fraction, which has been shown to depress digestibility of the protein and AA (Ortiz et al., 1993). Tannins in whole faba beans are associated with the seedcoat (testa), and the tannin content is related to the colour of the seedcoat (and flowers). Tannins are lower in white than in the colour-seeded varieties. 

Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. subsp. cafffra [umganu, marula tree] (Sond.) Kokwaro (Anacardiaceae) stem bark decoction is used for diarrhoea. The stem bark contains alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, polyphenols, steroids and tannins 15). Its antidiarrhoeic activity is due to the tannin content 37). The plant is also used for childhood convulsion and epilepsy, and its anticonvulsant activity has been demonstrated in experimental animal model (58). 

One of the major problems in nutritional exploitation of tree leaves is the presence of antinutritional and toxic factors (6). The leaves of M. oleifera contain about 1.4% tannins, whereas condensed tannins are not present. Total phenols in leaves ranges from 2.7 - 3.4% (6,100). The M oleifera leaves contain 5.0% saponins as diosgenin equivalent with phytate contents in the leaves of 3. %(6, 100). Activity of trypsin inhibitors and lectins is not detected in the M. oleifera leaves. Other antinntritional factors present in M. oleifera leaves are flatus factors (sucrose + raffinose + stachyose) at 5.6% (107). Nitrate (0.5 tmnol per 100 g) and oxalate (4.1%) are also present inM oleifera leaves (100). The presence of these antinutritional factors in leaves of M. oleifera decreases the bioavailability of other nntrients. However, extraction nsing 80% ethanol decreases the contents of some of these antinntritional factors (6). 

The leaves of Catha edulis also have a high content of polyphenolic compounds, tannins and flavonoids. The isolated flavonic fraction showed a significant antiulcer activity against the lesions induced by phenylbutazone and pyloric ligature in rats [91]. It is proven that the compounds responsible for this activity are the major constituents of the... 

This information, in concert with the fact that no aflatoxin-suppressing activity is extractable with hexane, but with the demonstrated occurrence of activity in all other solvent extracts and even in exhaustively extracted residue, is consistent with activity being associated with the hydrolysable tannin content or composition of the pellicle. 

High tannin content in hazelnut by-product extract (skin and hard shell) was reported by Contini et al. [ 100]. Total tannins represented the principal fraction of the phenolic substances of the extracts, containing nearly 60%-65% of the total phenol [100]. As a general rule, the highest amount of total tannins was detected in the extracts with the highest amount of total phenols. Hence, the high antioxidant activity in hazelnut by-product extracts maybe due to these polyphenolic compounds since they are expected to have powerful antioxidant activity [100]. 

Dilution (lower solids content) this leads to increased moisture content of the glued particles (which is not necessarily a disadvantage, since tannins need high moisture contents of the glued particles to guarantee proper flow during pressing) as well as to a decreased content of active adhesive [176]. 

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