Leguminous trees

Logwood extract—A reddish brown-to-black soHd material extracted from the heartwood of the leguminous tree Haemato>y/on campechianum. The active colorant substance is principally hematein. The latent coloring material is the unoxidized or leuco form of hematein called hematoxylin. The leuco form is oxidized by air. 

K. Haukka, K. Lindstrom, and P. J. Young, Three phylogenetic groups of nodA and nifH genes in Sinorhizobium and Mesorhizobium isolates from leguminous trees... 

Most copals come from leguminous trees, especially the genus Hymenaea, which has also produced some ambers. Those fi om West Africa come from the genus Copaifera. 

Other important natural dyes are obtained from the heartwood of several species of leguminous trees. Logwood Haematoxylon campechianum) is a small, thorny tree native to Central America that is an important source of a dye known as hematoxylin, which has a deep, purple-red color, and can also be manufactured into a persistent black dye. The brazilette H. brasiletto) is a source of a natural red dye as are brazilwood Caesalpina brasiliensis) and sappanwood (C. sappan) of south Asia. 

This arrangement seems to have allowed these bacteria to form an unusually large number of Nod factors and to colonize a wider variety of hosts including a non-leguminous tree. 

ErythrtTMflabeU rmis E. americana-. Extremely tenuous suggestions that the seeds of these colorful leguminous trees are entheogenic are open to doubt (Schultes Hofmann 1980). In feet, such use has not been observed, nor have any entheogenic principles been isolated from these seeds. They have found use in eth-nomedicine (Di az 1979), and the red flowers are a popular vegetable in M6dco. 

The fruit oil of the leguminous tree Pterodon pubescens contains geranylgeraniol (3) and its terminal epoxide (98). This terminal epoxide is highly lethal to the cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni, the causative agent of schistosomiasis (Gilbert, 1977). Other unsaturated diterpenes such as dehy-droabietic acid, agathic acid, and copalic acid prevent cercar-ial penetration. 

Teferedegne B, McIntosh F, Osuji PO et al (1999) Influence of foliage from different accessions of the subtropical leguminous tree, Sesbania sesban on ruminal protozoa in Ethiopian and Scottish sheep. Anim Feed Sd Technol 78 11-20... 

Balsam of Peru is the balsamic, oleo-resinous exudation of the Leguminous tree Myroxylon Balsamtim (var. -Pereira). 

Cutch is a tannin and dye obtained from the heartwood of Acacia catechu (L.f) Willd., a leguminous tree native to India, Myanmar and other regions in southern Asia. Its active contents are cat-echutarmic acid (25-35%), catechin (2-10%), quercetin q.vl), and catechu red or brown (Schweppe, 1992 Roberts and Etherington, 2003). While primarily used to produce a fast dye with shades varying between brown, olive and khaki, a pigment based on this extract called Catechu brown (. v.) is described by Salter (1869). 

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