Tanaka pressure

Ikawa et al. [136] determined the critical solution temperature (Krafft point) and the critical solution pressure (Tanaka pressure) of sodium perfluorodecanoate in water. A phase diagram of sodium perfluorodecanoate versus pressure at 55°C is shown in Fig. 6.29. The curves of solubility versus pressure (aQb) and of cmc versus pressure (dQe) intersect at point Q, representing the Tanaka pressure. The phase diagram is divided into three regions solution of monomolecular species (S), the micellar solution (M), and the hydrated solid (C). The rapid decrease of solubility with increasing pressure (curve aQ) was attributed to the transfer of surfactant from micelles to the hydrated solid phase, which is accompanied by a large decrease in partial molar volume. 

The Krafft point increases with increasing Tanaka pressure (Fig. 6.30). Sodium perfluorodecanoate (SPFDe) has the highest Krafft point of the surfactants included in Fig. 6.29 at any pressure applied at a constant temperature, such as 50°C. Hence, the range where micelles can exist is narrower for sodium perfluorodecanoate than for the other surfactants shown. 

Ishii (1977) One-dimensional drift-flux model and constitutive equations for relative motion between phases in various two-phase regimes. AML Report ANL-77-47 Ide H, Matsumura H, Tanaka Y, Fukano T (1997) Flow patterns and frictional pressure drop in gas-liquid two-phase flow in vertical capUlary channels with rectangular cross section, Trans JSME Ser B 63 452-160... 

The deposition temperature range is 900-1300°C and the pressure is up to 1 atm. The kinetics of this reaction were studied by Tanaka.t i This reaction is used to produce boron fiberson an industrial scale (see Ch. 19). 

Korhonen, H., Pihlanto-Leppala, A., Rantamaki, P., and Tupasela, T. (1998). Impact of processing on bioactive proteins and peptides. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 9,307-319. Kunugi, S. and Tanaka, N. (2002). Cold denaturation of proteins under high pressure. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1595, 329-344. 

S. Funahashi, K. Ishihara, S. Aizawa, T. Sugata, M. Ishii, Y. Inada, M. Tanaka 1993, (High-pressure stopped-flow nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus for the study of fast reactions in solution), Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64, 130. 

Tanaka, N. and T. Hvitved-Jacobsen (2001), Sulfide production and wastewater quality — investigations in a pilot plant pressure sewer, Water Science and Technology, 43(5), 129-136. 

Tanaka, N., T. Hvitved-Jacobsen, T. Ochi, and N. Sato (2000b), Aerobic-anaerobic microbial wastewater transformations and reaeration in an air-injected pressure sewer, Water Env. Res., 72(6), 665-674. 

H. Sanada, L. D. Asico, S. Shigetomi, K. Tanaka, S. Niimura, H. Watanabe, D. S. Goldstein, R. A. Felder, The Effect of Docarpamine, a Dopamine Prodrug, on Blood Pressure and Catecholamine Levels in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats , Clin. Exp. Hyper-tens. 2000, 22, 419 - 429. 

Ishizuka, N., Minakuchi, H., Nakanishi, K., Soga, N., Nagayanma, N., and Tanaka, N. (2000). Performance of a monolithic silica column in a capillary under pressure-driven and electrodriven conditions. Anal. Chem. 11, 1275-1280. 

Tanaka, Y., Otsuka, K., and Terabe, S. (2003). Evaluation of an atmospheric pressure chemical Ionization Interface for capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. /. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 30, 1889-1895. 

K. Ishihara, H. Miura, S. Funahashi and M. Tanaka, Inorg. Chem. 27, 1706 (1988), describe a high-pressure, stopped-flow arrangement with conductivity monitoring. 

Urayama H, Yamochi H, Saito G, Nozawa K, Sugano T, Kinoshita M, Sato S, Oshima K, Kawamoto A, Tanaka J (1988) A new ambient pressure organic superconductor based on BEDT-TTF with higher than 10 K (T = 10.4 K). Chem Lett 17 55-58... 

Tanaka and collaborators [31] further investigated the polyacrylamide behavior. Based on the Flory-Huggins equation for osmotic pressure, they... 

Kokufuta, Zhang and Tanaka developed a gel system that undergoes reversible swelling and collapsing changes in response to saccharides, sodium salt of dextran sulfate (DSS) and a-methyl-D-mannopyranoside (MP) [126]. The gel consists of a covalently cross-linked polymer network of W-isopropylacrylamide into which concanavalin A (ConA) is immobilized. As shown in Fig. 31, at a certain temperature the gel swells five times when DSS ions bind to ConA due to the excess ionic pressure created by DSS. The replacement of the DSS by non-ionic MP brings about collapse of the gel. The transition can be repeated with excellent reproducibility. 

Tanaka et al. found a critical point at the zero-osmotic pressure condition in ionic gels by varying the degree of ionization and diminishing the volume-discontinuity at first-order changes. At such a critical point, the first three derivatives of F with respect to V should vanish from Eqs. (2.6) and (2.26). On the other hand, the so-called spinodal point is given by K = 0, at which the volume fluctuations diverges as shown by Eq. (2.10). 

The list of the new gels for which phase transitions are possible is supplemented in the paper by Amiya and Tanaka, who discovered discrete collapse for the most important representatives of biopolymers - chemically crosslinked networks formed by proteins, DNA and polysaccharides [45]. Thus, it was demonstrated that discrete collapse is a general property of weakly charged gels and that the most important factor, which is responsible for the occurrence of this phenomenon, is the osmotic pressure of the system of counter ions. 

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