T cells activation in vivo

Neumann CM, Brauner JA, KerkvlietNI. 1991. T cell activation in vivo via the CD3 receptor Effect of... 

Studies have been made on the effect of T. cruzi GIPLs on the host immune system, and it was shown that the GIPLs downregulate T cell activation in vivo and in vitro. By controlling host cellular responses a chronic infection is maintained.48... 

Gonzalo JA, Gonzalez-Garcia A, Baixeras E et al. Pertussis toxin interferes with superantigen-induced deletion of peripheral T-cells without affecting T-cell activation in vivo. Inhibition of deletion and associated programmed cell death depends on ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. J Immunol 1994 152(9) 4291-4299. 

Blossom, S.J., Pumford, N.R., and Gilbert, K.M., Activation and attenuation of apoptosis of CD4+ T cells following in vivo exposure to two common environmental toxicants, trichloroacetaldehyde hydrate and trichloroacetic acid, J. Autoimmun., 23, 211, 2004. 

Brunner, C., Seiderer, J., Schlamp, A, Bidlingmaier, M., Eigler, A, Haimerl, W. et al. (2000) Enhanced dendritic cell maturation by TNF-alpha or cytidine-phosphate-guanosine DNA drives T cell activation in vitro and therapeutic anti-tumor immune responses in vivo. J. Immunol., 165, 6278-6286. 

Tumang JR, Zhou JL, Gietl D, Crow MK, Elkon KB, Friedman SM T helper cell-dependent, microbial superantigen-mediated B cell activation in vivo. Autoimmunity 1996 24 247-255. 

Recently, phospho-specific antibodies have been used in flow cytometry for detecting intracellular phosphorylation process at single-cell level. This technique has been proven to be extremely valuable for studying T cell function. Several groups have successfully used a variety of phospho-specific antibodies to detect T cell activation in vitro and in vivo. Currently the most widely used... 

Kos FJ, Mullbacher A. IL-2-independent activity of IL-7 in the generationof secondary antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell responses in vivo. J Immunol 1993 150 ... 

In 1995, HlV-1 latency was first documented in HIV-1-infected patients when ex vivo T cell cultures were found to contain a subpopulation of cells that produced infectious virions when stimulated with T cell activators (Chun et al. 1995 Finzi et al. 1997). Latently infected T cells are rare, to the order of one in a million resting... 

Cohen JA, Beaudette TT, Tseng WW et al (2009) T-cell activation by antigen-loaded pH-sensitive hydrogel particles in vivo the effect of particle size. Bioconjug Chem 20 111-119... 

Li+ also affects the response of lymphocytes to some mitogens. In vitro, Li+ has little effect on lymphocytes in mice, rats, and humans however, in hamsters the stimulation of lymphocytes is enhanced by the presence of Li+ [205], In patients with immunodeficiency due to excess suppresser T-cell activity, Li+ is effective in inactivating this excess in vitro and, subsequently, the number of (3-lymphocytes increases however in vivo the immunodeficiency is unaffected [206]. There is no apparent consistent, Li+-induced effect on the levels of the immunoglobulins. 

Linsley, P.S. et al., Immunosuppression in vivo by a soluble form of CTLA-4 T cell activation molecule, Science, 257, 792, 1992. 

Mature B lymphocytes express AhR and ARNT,10,12 and the ability of TCDD to suppress primary antibody responses has been known for a long time (reviewed in4). While the precise mechanisms resulting in suppression of T-dependent B cell responses in vivo have not been fully elucidated, it is clear that direct effects of TCDD on B cells plays a role. Studies using two B cell lines with differential AhR expression have linked suppression of LPS-induced IgM production to AhR activation, and have shown that AhR interactions within the 3 alpha immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer directly influence antibody production.52-54 TCDD also appears to directly modulate the expression of CD19 on human B cells, suggesting another mechanism by which TCDD down-modulates the responsiveness of mature B cells.55... 

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