System Design Challenges

Bernkop-Schniirch, A., and M. Hornof. 2003. Intravaginal drug delivery systems Design, challenges, and solutions. Am J Drug Deliv 1 241. 

Together, the practical details described below provide a realistic description of the current state of the art in acoustic-wave sensing. Armed with this snapshot of the present state of the technology, and having a vision of desirable future directions, the technical bottlenecks that must be passed for the vision to become a reality are apparent. These system design challenges are outlined in Section 6.6. 

BREAST IMAGING SYSTEMS DESIGN CHALLENGES FOR ENGINEERS... 

BREAST IMAGING SYSTEMS. DESIGN CHALLENGES FOR ENGINEERS 28.13... 

Lattice models for bulk mixtures have mostly been designed to describe features which are characteristic of systems with low amphiphile content. In particular, models for ternary oil/water/amphiphile systems are challenged to reproduce the reduction of the interfacial tension between water and oil in the presence of amphiphiles, and the existence of a structured disordered phase (a microemulsion) which coexists with an oil-rich and a water-rich phase. We recall that a structured phase is one in which correlation functions show oscillating behavior. Ordered lamellar phases have also been studied, but they are much more influenced by lattice artefacts here than in the case of the chain models. 

The most profound challenge to sustainable systems design will be to reconcile the meeting of the essential needs of a growing population with the minimization of its impact on the natural world. Central to the question of sustainable development is an assessment of the degree to which the natural resources of the planet are sufficient and in a condition, now... 

As mentioned in the preceding section, Ji-effects on the stability of the reactants are going to be rather subtle in thermal cyclizations, since the determining factor in the activation barrier for this reaction is the formation of the bond between in-plane orbitals. One way to accelerate this reaction would be to destabilize the reactant ji-system. The challenge is in designing a system where the reactant destabilization is not transferred to the transition state and product as well. An elegant approach to... 

These authors point out that these results emphasize the difficulty in achieving specific function with this system and highlight the necessity for very precise interactions between the coenzyme functionality and its environment to control and augment reactivity. Peptidyl systems may offer more control over the coenzyme environment as they are readily synthetically accessible and easily manipulated. However, generating stable peptidyl structures presents a significant design challenge. 

The tree for this system was designated Improved Inhibitor System—No Challenges (Figure 8). Probability calculated from this fault tree indicated that fewer than 3 out of 10,000,000 cars would fail with this system. Again, these changes were relatively simple and cost very litde to implement. I should mention again that we do not claim that these probabilities are accurate, but because the fault trees and the input data are consistent the comparisons remain meaningful and the results are dramatic. 

The 6ize of the field, its geographic location, and the tight line transportation system provide some challenging operational and control problems. These problems are identified showing how automation has been used to solve then. This includes the use of an integrated supervisory control system and a distributed process control system designed to meet the control needs of future production facilities as the field proceeds to ultimate development. 

The sophisticated sequencing and the requirements for control of the transfer of gas streams among the adsorbers presented a challenge in control system design. Through use of solid state programmable hardware... 

Design challenges for controlled release delivery systems... 

---