Syphilis primary

Early syphilis - Primary, secondary, or latent syphilis... 

Syphilis Primary, secondary, and /afenf with a negative spinal fluid (adults and children >12 years of age)... 

Primary syphilis Usually manifests as a solitary, painless chancre. Primary syphilis develops at the site of infection... 

Secondary syphilis Without appropriate treatment, primary syphilis will advance to secondary syphilis, a stage usually apparent from its clinical symptomatology. Symptoms include fatigue, diffuse rash, fever, lymphadenopathy, and genital or perineal condyloma latum. Also, the skin is most often affected and a rash may present as macular, macropapular, or pustular lesions, or involve skin surfaces including the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. 

Early latent Involves the first year after infection and maybe established in patients who have seroconverted in the past year, who have had symptoms of primary or secondary syphilis in the past year, or who have had sex with a partner with primary, secondary, or latent syphilis in the past year. 

Late latent Patients should be considered to have late latent syphilis if the aforementioned criteria (early latent) are not met. In both stages, patients are usually asymptomatic and the lesions noted in the primary and secondary phase usually resolve however, individuals are still seropositive for T. pallidum. 

Congenital syphilis is a condition in which the fetus is infected with T. pallidum as a result of the hematogenous spread from an infected mother, although transmission may also occur from direct contact with the infectious genitalia of the mother. Since the primary stage of syphilis is characterized by spirochetemia, infectious rates of the fetus are nearly 100% if the mother has primary syphilis.11... 

Treatment modalities administered in primary syphilis are also effective in secondary syphilis and latent syphilis (less than 1 year duration). 

Primary or secondary syphilis diagnosed and treated with Benzathine Penicillin G, 2.4 million units IM (single dose) ... 

A 35-year-old male is diagnosed with primary syphilis. Which of the following agents is the best choice for treating this patient ... 

Primary syphilis is characterized by the appearance of a chancre on cutaneous or mucocutaneous tissue. Chancres persist only for 1 to 8 weeks before spontaneously disappearing. 

Forty percent of patients with primary or secondary syphilis exhibit CNS infection. 

The majority of patients treated for primary and secondary syphilis experience the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction after treatment, characterized by flu-like symptoms such as transient headache, fever, chills, malaise, arthralgia, myalgia, tachypnea, peripheral vasodilation, and aggravation of syphilitic lesions. 

CDC recommendations for serologic follow-up ofpatients treated for syphilis are given in Table 46-6. Quantitative nontreponemal tests should be performed at 6 and 12 months in all patients treated for primary and secondary syphilis and at 6, 12, and 24 months for early and late latent disease. 

Primary, secondary, or latent syphilis of less than I-year s duration (early latent syphilis) Latent syphilis of more than 1-yearns duration (late latent syphilis) or syphilis of unknown duration Neurosyphilis... 

IgM may be regarded as the most primitive of the immunoglobulins. It is the first antibody produced in response to an antigen in the primary immune response. In human gestation it is the first Ig to be produced in the fetus in response to infection, e.g., syphilis, malaria, toxoplasmosis, and rubella in some of the lower vertebrates it is the only immunoglobulin as yet detected. 

Sexually transmitted diseases When treating gonococcal infections in which primary and secondary syphilis are suspected, perform proper diagnostic procedures, including darkfield examinations and monthly serological tests for at least 4 months. Resistance The number of strains of staphylococci resistant to penicillinase-resistant penicillins has been increasing widespread use of penicillinase-resistant penicillins may result in an increasing number of resistant staphylococcal strains. 

Primary syphilis T. pallidum 30 to 40 grams (or 48 to 64 grams as ethylsuccinate) given in divided doses over 10 to 15 days 10 to 15 days... 

She denied previous treatment for syphilis. She could not recall signs or symptoms of primary or secondary syphilis in the past year. She had no previous syphilis serology tests for purposes of comparison. Which of the following would be the best treatment for the patient ... 

The practice of trading sex for drugs in places where there is a high prevalence of cocaine abuse has been noted in both metropolitan areas and smaller communities along major interstate highways. In Baltimore, there was a 97% increase in the number of primary and secondary cases of syphilis from 1993 to 1995 (212). 

Anonymous. Outbreak of primary and secondary syphilis—Baltimore City, Maryland, 1995. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1996 45(8) 166-9. 

Some experts recommend multiple doses of benzathine penicillin C or other supplemental antibiotics in addition to benzathine penicillin C in HIV-infected patients with primary or secondary syphilis, HIV-infected patients with early latent syphilis should be treated with the recommended regimen for latent syphilis of more than I -year s duration. 

Acquired immunodeficiency renders a host much more susceptible to secondary infections, including cytomegalovirus, syphilis, herpes zoster, fungi, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, and toxoplasmosis. HIV invades the tissues of the optic nerve and initiates an immune complex-mediated response that results in an optic neittopathy. The primary HIV infection may be responsible for color vision defects, loss of contrast sensitivity, and visual field defects. HIV infection itself may also cause direct degeneration of retinal ganglion cell axons in the optic nerve without a secondary opportunistic infection. 

Varicella-zoster virus is a member of the Herpesviridae femily. The viral contagion is transmitted via aerosolized water droplets or close physical contact with infected lesions. The primary infection results in varicella or chickenpox. The varicella infection can have potentially devastating ocular sequelae the most common is anterior uveitis followed by SPK. After the primary infection, latent infection occurs in multiple ganglia throughout the body. Herpes zoster is the resultant reactivation of the latent varicella-zoster virus and most often occurs in elderly and immunocompromised patients. Factors such as physical and emotional trauma, immunosuppressive medications, irradiation, cancer, tuberculosis, malaria, and syphilis are known to reactivate the virus. 

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