Synthetic matrices

The complexity of matrix effects has another important consequence it is impossible to use synthetic matrices or even samples spiked with the analytes, even for the controls - only natural wines and musts can be applied for this purpose. 

Flow analysis has been used to investigate the fundamental chemistry of chemiluminescence and bioluminescence reactions, to optimise post-column chemiluminescence reaction conditions for liquid chromatographic detection and to quantify analytes in relatively simple or synthetic matrices [68]. In recent years, there has been a pronounced increase in the application of these methods to the analysis of real sample matrices [69]. This has usually been achieved by a combination of efficient in-line sample treatment, e.g., use of solid-phase reagents for concentrating selected analytes and/or for removing the sample matrix and exploitation of more inherently selective reactions [70,71],... 

DNA delivery has been described in situ from polymer coatings, microspheres and synthetic matrices. DNA-material hybrid systems promise to enable forms of gene therapy not possible with other gene delivery systems, e.g., polymeric microspheres facilitate the expression of orally administered genes. 

The modern composite materials, which merge the advantages of natural fibres with synthetic matrices and environmental goals, aim to go beyond the fibre competition during the last 100 years and to answer the new challenges. 

Goral, V.N., Hsieh, Y.-C., Petzold, O.N., Clark, J.S., Yuen, P.K., Paris, R.A. Perfusion-based microfluidic device for three-dimensional dynamic primary human hepatocyte cell culture in the absence of biological or synthetic matrices or coagulants. Lab. Chip. 10, 3380-3386 (2010). doi 10.1039/c01c00135j... 

Physically crosslinked PNIPAM-based hydrogels were described for the first time by Han et al [51], who synthesized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (p(NIPAM-co-AA)) to prepare thermosensitive matrices that were used in follow-up studies for biomedical purposes, particularly as synthetic matrices in refillable bio-artifidal pancreas. Encapsulated Langeran islets showed good viability, and the cellladen artificial matrices showed insulin release [52,53]. Similarly and more recently, p(NIPAM) networks were crosslinked using N, N -methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) and used for bovine serum albumin (BSA) release studies in vitro. The release of the protein... 

Wong W H and Mooney D J, Synthesis and properties of biodegradable polymers used as synthetic matrices for tissue engineering . In Synthetic Biodegradable Polymer Scaffolds, ed. A Atala, D J Mooney, J P Vacanti and R Langer, Birkhauser, Boston, USA, 1997, 51-82. 

Properties and Practical Considerations of Column Support Materials or Matrices used in HPAC Silica matrices Synthetic matrices Natural matrices... 

Some studies have incorporated charged functional groups into synthetic matrices and demonstrated their ability to induce chondrogenic differentiation. This could potentially be due to mimicking... 

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