Synthesis, structure and development

Numerous clinically approved radiopharmaccuticals are currently used in 

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Phosphorus by Heal covered developments up to the end of the 1970s. This opus contributed authoritative insights into the fascinating chemistry of S-N compounds. It used a descriptive approach that drew attention to the many facets of the synthesis, structures and reactions that were poorly understood at that time. 

In short, most work on POMs address primarily their pH of formation, the stability of the various complexes with emphasis on their analytical properties, homogeneous catalysis, radiochemical, and photochemical behaviors. All these properties have been described in a series of excellent reviews, which usually include short developments on their electrochemistry and redox catalysis properties [2-9, 24-28]. The reader is referred to these reviews for general descriptions of POMs synthesis, structures, and reactivity. Among these reviews, particular attention is drawn to those few containing substantial developments on electron transfer behaviors and the electrochemistry of POMs [2, 4, 5, 7-9, 24-28]. 

Recent developments in the synthesis, structures, and properties of ionic/covalent ternary nitrides are reviewed. A description, including synthetic conditions, is given of preparative methods reported in the literature. Solid state synthetic reactions from binary nitrides as well as novel synthetic approaches such as amide synthesis and ammonolysis of ternary oxides are described. Examples of common structure types as well as electronic and magnetic properties are discussed. 

Whereas the subject of basicity of C=0 groups has already been covered by Palm and coworkers1, in this chapter we summarize more recent results and significant developments in the field of nitrones, nitriles and thiocarbonyls. This chapter is not exhaustive in scope, but rather consists of surveys of the most recent two decades of work in this still developing area. As indicated by the title of this contribution, we emphasize the more physical aspects such as acidity, basicity and proton affinity less attention is paid to synthesis, structure and bond theory which can be found in other specialized chapters of this book. 

Complexes of salicylideneiminoalcohols 884-889 (X = Y = 0, m=, n— 4) are widely known. Earlier works on the synthesis, structure, and properties of these ICC are discussed in several reviews [144,215,216] and also reported in more recent publications [217-221]. To develop this area, a series of complex compounds of aryl-substituted derivatives of salicylidene(naphthalidene)monoethanolamines 891 was isolated (4.54) and direct x-ray diffraction proofs of structures of type 887 were obtained [217], The structure of 891 (R = 3,5-Cl2) was confirmed by x-ray diffraction [217] ... 

This chapter attempts to summarize the literature on this class of complexes from the publication of COMC (1995) to 2004 or early 2005. Synthesis, structure, and chemical properties of organometallic titanium(iv) compounds, which contain different types of Ti-C bonds supported by additional ligands, will be covered. We attempt to highlight the major developments from 1993 and tentatively to reveal new trends in this field over the next few years. 

Concluding this section, it seems that research on oxidation catalysts and oxidation reactions provides some push to innovation, through (i) the high level of activity in the synthesis of new structures and development of new approaches to catalyst fabrication, (ii) a better knowledge of the state of catalysts during their use, (iii) the role of surface mobility, spillover and remote control, (iv) the use of additives in the feed and (v) a better understanding of the contribution of homogeneous gas phase reactions. 

This chapter reviews the synthesis, structures and physical properties of homoatomic Zintl ions and recent developments in the formation of mixed clusters consisting of the tetrel elements Ge, Sn, and Pb and various d-block elements. A brief summary is provided of the chemistry of homoatomic clusters (this has been reviewed earlier [1,2]), with the main focus being oriented towards the latest results in the field of intermetalloid clusters [3, 4]... 

K. 1. Suresh and V. S. Kishanprasad, Synthesis, structure, and properties of novel polyols from cardanol and developed polyurethanes , Ind Eng Chem Res, 2005, 44,4504-12. 

K. J. Shea, Recent Developments in the Synthesis, Structure and Chemistry of Bridgehead Alkenes , Tetrahedron, 1980, 36,1683. 

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