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Synovial joints, inflammation

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease of the synovium which results in erosion, deformity and finally the destruction of joints. Inflammation of the joints is associated with a villous hypertrophy of the synovial membrane, which on microscopy shows proliferation of the lining layer with an inflammatory infiltrate. There is extensive expression of HLA-... [Pg.173]

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, systemic disorder that affects many different tissues in the body, but is primarily characterized by synovitis and the destruction of articular tissue.49,90 100 This disease is associated with pain, stiffness, and inflammation in the small synovial joints of the hands and feet, as well as in larger joints such as the knee. Although marked by periods of... [Pg.217]

Inflammation of the synovial joints in rheumatoid arthritis includes this change in the synovial fluid. [Pg.293]

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that affects multiple synovial joints and involves inflammation of the synovial membrane, often resulting in a loss of function due to the erosion of bone and cartilage [138]. [Pg.1284]

Liang et al. [90, 91] investigated controlled release of methotrexate using a PLLA microsphere delivery system, which was prepared by a solvent evaporation method, in synovial joints for the treatment of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Methotrexate solution or methotrexate loaded microspheres were injected into the joint of healthy rabbits. The microsphere system showed an initial rapid burst of the drug followed by a slow release phase. In comparison to the solution, the microsphere system retained methotrexate in the joint cavity for a longer time. [Pg.454]

A bursa, a sac filled with fluid located around a principal joint, is lined with a synovial membrane and contains synovial fluid. This fluid minimizes friction between the tendon and the bone, or between tendon and ligament. Repeated small stresses and ovemse can cause the bursa in the shoulder, hip, knee, or ankle to swell. This swelling and irritation is referred to as bursitis. Some patients experience bursitis in association with tendonitis. Bursitis can usually be reheved by rest and in some cases by using antiinflammatory medications. Some orthopedic surgeons also inject the bursa with additional medication to reduce the inflammation. [Pg.186]

Although atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are distinct disease states, both disorders are chronic inflammatory conditions and may have common mechanisms of disease perpetuation. At sites of inflammation, such as the arterial intima undergoing atherogen-esis or the rheumatoid joint, oxygen radicals, in the presence of transition-metal ions, may initiate the peroxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to produce oxidatively modified LDL (ox-LDL). Ox-LDL has several pro-inflammatory properties and may contribute to the formation of arterial lesions (Steinberg et /., 1989). Increased levels of lipid peroxidation products have been detected in inflammatory synovial fluid (Rowley et /., 1984 Winyard et al., 1987a Merry et al., 1991 Selley et al., 1992 detailed below), but the potential pro-inflammatory role of ox-LDL in the rheumatoid joint has not been considered. We hypothesize that the oxidation of LDL within the inflamed rheumatoid joint plays a pro-inflammatory role just as ox-LDL has the identical capacity within the arterial intima in atherosclerosis. [Pg.98]

Synovitis Inflammation of the synovial membrane, especially when a joint is involved. [Pg.1577]

Local inflammatory changes occur in the joint capsule and synovium. The synovium becomes infiltrated with T cells, and immune complexes appear. Crystals or cartilage shards in synovial fluid may contribute to inflammation. There are also increased levels of interleukin-1, prostaglandin E2, tumor necrosis factor-a, and nitric oxide in synovial fluid. Inflammatory changes result in effusions and synovial thickening. [Pg.23]

Chronic inflammation of the synovial tissue lining the joint capsule results in tissue proliferation (pannus formation). Pannus invades cartilage and eventually the bone surface, producing erosions of bone and cartilage and leading to joint destruction. The end results may be loss of joint space, loss of joint motion, bony fusion (ankylosis), joint subluxation, tendon contractures, and chronic deformity. [Pg.44]

Tumor Necrosis Factor There are two types of tumor necrosis factor TNF-a and TNF- 8. Of the two, TNF-a has been studied in more detail. TNF-a is a 157 amino acid polypeptide. It is a mediator of immune regulation, including the activation of macrophages and induction of the proliferation of T cells. Another TNF-a function is its cytotoxic effects on a number of tumor cells. Recent research, however, concentrates on its property in the stimulation of inflammation, particularly in the case of rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical trials are being conducted with drugs to block TNF-a with anti-TNF-a monoclonal antibodies. These antibodies target the excessive levels of TNF-a in the synovial fluid of joints and provide relief to sufferers of rheumatoid arthritis (Exhibit 4.10). [Pg.118]

IL-18 augments T- and NK-cell maturation, cytotoxicity and cytokine production. It stimulates TH differentiation, promotes secretion of TNF-a, IFN-y and GM-CSF and enhances NK cell cytotoxicity by increasing FasL expression. IL-8-mediated neutrophil chemotaxis is promoted by IL-18 via its effects on TNF-a and IFN-y, which are stimulatory in action. It plays an important role in maintaining synovial inflammation and inducing joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. In synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, enhanced levels of TNF-a and IL-1 are associated with augmented expression of IL-18. [Pg.43]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.287 , Pg.293 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.287 , Pg.293 ]




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