Synchronous vibrations

Detonation, Abel Theory of or Theory of Synchronous Vibrations. It is the earliest theory (1869). See under DETONATION (AND EXPLOSION), THEORIES, History... 

Abel Theory. See Detonation, Abel Theory or Theory of Synchronous Vibrations (Ref 103, p 22) in Section 2 and under History of in this Section... 

Accdg to Andreev Belyaev (Ref 103, p 222) one of the first proposed theories of detonation was that of Abel (1869). It was known as the "Theory of Synchronous Vibrations" (Teoriya Sinkhronnykh. Kolebanii,. in Rus). 

It is noteworthy that these two modes actually correspond to the same molecular vibration. This occurs, though the material is isotropic, just because it has been put in the form of a thin layer. The origin of the effect can be intuitively explained as follows (Eig. 6.13a) in a homogeneous isotropic material, the synchronous vibration of the polar species produces a dielectric polarization P= Ne Sz in the medium (where Sz represents the instantaneous value of the normal coordinate associated with the vibration mode under consideration). If the sample is shaped in the form of a thin layer and the direction of the vibration is perpendicular to the layer, a depolarizing field -PIb Bq will appear, acting as a restoring force -e PlBa ,Bo on the vibrators (Eig. 6.13a). This amounts to increasing the usual... 

Carlyle, A.M. 2001a. Synchronized vibrator conveyor. U.S. Patent 6,230,875. 

In its basic design, a motor-driven variable eccentric vibrator located at the base of the dryer vibrates the column with a nominal amplitude of 0.9 mm at a frequency of 16.6 Hz (both of these parameters could be changed). Because the material flow rate and thus the residence time in the dryer can be varied by increasing or decreasing the amplitude and by changing the direction of the amplitude vector, the newer model of the dryer is equipped with a synchronized vibrator of special design. This vibrator provides separate control over the vertical and horizontal... 

As mentioned above, details of the transient spectra at different early times differ due to oscillations in time. Especially, oscillatory features were observed near the (long time) isosbestic point of the spectra at the red side of the 804 nm band. Fig. 5 shows the kinetics at 812 nm. These kinetics are strongly modulated by oscillations with periods of about 450 fs (75 cm ) and of 2-3 ps (-15 cm ), similar to those observed in the stimulated emission region (Fig. 1). Among other possibilities, which will be discussed elsewhere, the appearance of such oscillations can be understood in terms of synchronized vibrational motion of the protein structure. In this picture, the absorption and emission spectra of the reaction center system are modulated by the relative orientation and distance of the pigments. 

Cesium metal is used for time standards based on the natural vibration of the Cs atom, which oscillates 9,192,631,770 times per second, and in high precision oscillators to synchronize fiber optic telecommunication. 

Wright, J., A Practical Solution to Transient Torsional Vibration in Synchronous Motor Drive Systems, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Pub. 75-DE-15. 

Brown, Royce N, A Torsional Vibration Problem as Associated wjih Synchronous Motor Driven Machines, ASME 59-A-141, Journal ofEngi-ntcring for Power, Transactions of the ASME, New York American Son et of Mechanical Engineers, 1960, pp. 215-225. 

Pollard, Eniest 1., Synchronous Motors. . . Avoid Torsional Vibration Problems, Hydrocarbon Processing, February 1980, pp. 97-102. 

B synchronously moving away from and toward H the H atom does not move (if A and B are of equal mass). If H does not move in a vibration, its replacement with D will not alter (he vibrational frequency. Therefore, there will be no zero-point energy difference between the H and D transition states, so the difference in activation energies is equal to the difference in initial state zero-point energies, just as calculated with Eq. (6-88). The kinetic isotope effect will therefore have its maximal value for this location of the proton in the transition state. 

Rotary vibration dampers, synchronous and transmission belts, and fluid blocks in steering linkages... 

Pollard, E. L, Synchronous Motors—Avoid Torsional Vibration Problems, Hydrocarbon Processing, p. 97, Eeb. (1980). 

The foundations of any turbogenerator installation play a significant part in the safe operation of the machine. Industrial turbines will normally operate at above synchronous speed and will drive an alternator via a reduction gearbox. Any vibration or out of balance occurring under both normal or abnormal operation must be accommodated by the foundations, and their design should therefore best be undertaken by a specialist organization. The layout... 

To prove this point, the CARS imaging penetration depth of this OPO to that of a synchronized Ti sapphire system have been compared. Figure 5.4b shows an image obtained at -130 pm depth from the skin snrface of a mouse ear by tuning into the CH stretching vibrational band using the OPO laser. At this depth, resonant lipid-rich... 

Femtosecond laser excitation makes it possible to produce in a synchronous manner accurate to within a few femtoseconds an ensemble of molecules in an excited state and observe thereafter the evolution of this ensemble in the subsequent processes of decay, relaxation, and so on, by means of other femtosecond pulses. Another femtosecond pulse is usually used as a probe pulse [1]. However, one can directly observe changes in the geometry of molecules, specifically in molecular vibrations, by the method of electron diffraction using ultrashort electron pulses. This was successfully demonstrated in Ref. 2. Whereas the production of synchronous probe laser pulses is a standard technique, the situation with femtosecond electron pulses is more complicated. I would like to call attention to the possibility of using intense femtosecond laser pulses to control electron beams, specifically to obtain femtosecond electron pulses and to focus and reflect them, and so on [3, 4]. 

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