Synchronisation channel

Figure 1 The archetypical REDOR pulse sequence. (A) rotor-synchronised S-spin-echo experiment defining the reference echo amplitude Sq the REDOR pulse sequence in (B) with the additional rotor-synchronised /-channel 7i-pulses provides the signal intensity S.

Fig. 5.121 Correlation curve covering a continuous range from 10 ps to 100 ms obtained by correlating two synchronised channels of an SPC-134 system. Correlation of detector A vs. detector B (grey) and detector B vs. detector A (black). Courtesy of S. Felekyan, R. Kiihnemuth, V. Kudryavtsev, C. Sandhagen, and C.A.M. Seidel, Universitat Dortmund...

Two of these directions correspond to up and down along the myosin duead, and the connections in the two lateral directions are also directed upwards and downwards. It is natural then to relate dtese four-coordinated channel regions of the Q surface to the myosin heads. Thus the possible connections via the 3i-centred actin threads of myosin threads have only two directions, which fulfil the crystallographic symmetry of the surface. It is proposed here that these two directions correspond to the initial direction of the myosin head before movement and the end direction after movement, respectively. In this model of the contraction, the time-phase of mobility represents a transient disorder condition of adjacent structure elements, whereas the structure as a whole fulfils the required crystallographic symmetry. If the individual molecular conformational changes must be accommodated within the periodicity of the surface, the necessary perfect long-range synchronisation of mobility over the entire muscle seems a natural consequence. 

Scanning The sequencer synchronises the recording with the action of an external scanner. The sequencer delivers two additional dimensions, X and Y. Synchronisation with the scanner is obtained by sending to or receiving clock pulses from the scanner. The result is a spatial array of data sets, each of which can be multidimensional, due to the capabilities of the channel control. 

Time-tag recording means that the TCSPC channels do not build up a photon distribution but store each individual photon with its TAC time ( micro time ) and its time from the start of the experiment ( macro time ). The computer calculates the photon distribution at each location along the delay line and the time in the signal period. Time-tag recording of delay line data requires that the macro time clocks of all TCSPC channels be synchronised. Even then it is difficult to assign the data in the position channel to the correct data in the time channel. Due to slightly different CFD thresholds and different dead times, a photon recorded in the position channel need not necessarily be recorded in the time channel, and vice versa. To avoid misinterpretation of the data, a macro time resolution of 50 ns or finer is required. 

In both cases the data acquisition in the TCSPC channels is synchronised with the scanning by clock pulses from the scan controller. It must, however, be taken into account that the length of the lines of the scan varies since the return points of the scan are controlled by the detector overload signals. Therefore, the scan software must store the positions of the return points and the number of pixels between. These positions are used later to adjust the lines horizontally. 

To build up lifetime images, the TCSPC module needs scan synchronisation pulses from the scanner. These can be either obtained directly from the scanner or separated from the video signal of the reflection channel. 

The address interface was also modelled in Promela, the input language of die LTL model checker SPIN. Promela simply uses synchronisation as the atomic communication between channels. This exposes the handshaking protocol between the components that was hidden in the Green model consequendy die address interface model much larger (7615 states). Since it is impossible to express the formula AG(EF init) in LTL, we use the built-in deadlock detection function in SPIN. The other two formulas checked are translated into LTL by simply removing die A path quantifier. The results from SPIN are also shown in Table 4.2. It would also be interesting to compare results with those obtained from a CCS model of the address interface, using the approach advocated in Liu (1995). 

Collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment The CPFR model has been defined as "a business practice that combines the intelligence of multiple partners in the planning and fulfilment of customer demand," by the Voluntary Inter-industry Commerce Association (VICS) (Chopra and Meindl, 2007, 466). The key aspect leading to a successful CPFR model is to build foundations on which channel members can synchronise their data and then establish standards for information exchange. 

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