Switching electric field inducing

Electric field-induced switching between iodide and iodine... 

Cholesteric LCs can act as hosts for dyes to produce coloured displays (see section 5.2.2.1 below) " their temperature dependent colour change has found applications in thermochromic inks, °" and as pigments and copy safe colours their selective reflecting capabilities have been applied in colours and filters for reflective displays and projection systems, " reflective polarisers and their electrical field induced switching in displays and smart reflectors, in colour patterning for full-colour recording. ... 

In practice, it is difficult to measure the DEP force due to the effects of Brownian motion and electrical field-induced fluid flow [3]. Instead, the DEP crossover frequency can be measured as a function of medium conductivity and provides sufficient information to determine the dielectric properties of the suspended particles. The DEP crossover frequency,is the transition frequency point where the DEP force switches from pDEP to nDEP or vice versa. According to Eq. (6), the crossover frequency is defined to be the frequency point where the real part of the Clausius-Mossotti factor equals zero ... 

Physical origin of dielectric loss The foregoing conclusions correspond to a static description or cases for which the polarization can perfectly follow the oscillation of the electric field. Indeed, the electric field orientation depends on time with a frequency equal to 2.45 GHz (the electric field vector switches its orientation approximately every 10 s). The torque exercised by the electric field induces rotation of polar molecules, but they cannot always orient at this rate. The motion of the particles will not be sufficiently rapid to build up a time-dependent polarization P(t) that is in equilibrium with the electric field at any moment. This delay between electromagnetic stimulation and molecular response is the physical origin of the dielectric loss. 

Electrical bistability can also be found in all-organic systems possessing both an electron donor and acceptor. In these systems, the electronic switching mechanism is attributed to an electric field-induced charge transfer between conjugated organic compounds, in fact this system presents one of the most... 

Ren, X. (2004) Large electric-field-induced strain in ferroelectric crystals by point-defect-mediated reversible domain switching. Nat. Mater., 3, 91—94. 

Zavaliche, F., Zheng, H., Mohaddes-Ardabili, L., Yang, S.Y, Zhan, Q., Shafer, P., Reilly, E., Chopdekar, R., Jia, Y, Wright, P., Schlom, D.G., Suzuki, Y, and Ramesh, R. (2005) Electric field-induced magnetization switching in epitaxial columnar nanostructures. Nano Lett.,... 

Liu W, Zhao YH, Nguyen J, Jiang Y Li, Q, Lavemia EJ (2009) Electric field induced reversible switch in hydrogen storage based on single-layer and bhayer graphenes. Carbon 47 3452-3460. 

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